Abstract: Methods of selective neuromodulation in a live mammalian subject, such as a human patient. The method comprises applying an electrical signal to a target site in the nervous system, such as the brain, where the electrical signal comprises a series of pulses. The pulses includes a waveform shape that is more energy-efficient as compared to a corresponding rectangular waveform. Non-limiting examples of such energy-efficient waveforms include linear increasing, linear decreasing, exponential increasing, exponential decreasing, and Gaussian waveforms. The parameters for the energy-efficient waveform are chosen to selectively activate neural tissue on the basis of axonal diameter.

Abstract: The inventions disclosed include methods of treating cancers and related neoplasias, especially prostate cancer, with pharmaceutically acceptable salts comprising lipophilic cation moieties linked to nitroxide or linked to hydroxylamine anti-oxidant groups.

Abstract: A system and method for providing a volume of activation (VOA) of a stimulation electrode leadwire may include a processor that calculates a VOA for each of a plurality of sets of parameter settings of the leadwire, stores in a database each of the calculated VOAs in association with the respective set of parameter settings for which it was calculated, performs a curve fitting on threshold values determined for a plurality of waveforms to obtain an equation, obtains a set of parameter settings of the leadwire for a stimulation, and determines a VOA for the obtained set of parameter settings based on the stored VOAs, for example, using the equation.

Abstract: A method for the detection of the presence or absence of antibodies which bind to antigens of an NMA virus indicative of Chronic Fatigue Immune Deficiency Syndrome is disclosed. This method comprises contacting a solution containing antigens of an NMA virus with a biological sample of a patient and detecting the antibody-antigen complexes. Methods for detection of the presence or absence of antigens or nucleic acid sequences specific to an NMA virus are also disclosed. A substantially purified preparation of an NMA virus and a human cell line chronically infected with an NMA virus are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for the detection of the presence or absence of antibodies which bind to antigens of an NMA virus Deficiency is disclosed. This method comprises contacting a solution containing antigens of an NMA virus with a biological sample of a patient and detecting the antibody-antigen complexes. Methods for detection of the presence or absence of antigens or nucleic acid sequences specific to an NMA virus are also disclosed. A substantially purified preparation of an NMA virus and a human cell line chronically infected with an NMA virus are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of inducing bone growth in a living animal consists of implanting in the soft tissue or bone of the animal a bone morphogenetic protein-free, ceramic consisting of a calcium phosphate which is at least partially resorbable, and leaving the ceramic in place until new bone growth is induced.

Abstract: A method of treating a body fluid so as to inactivate protozoa in said fluid comprises mixing the body fluid with an effective amount of a photosensitizing agent which will bind to cell-free protozoa and/or protozoan-infected cells, and then exposing the resulting mixture to visible light to inactivate the protozoa. An apparatus for use in the method includes at least one container which contains a body fluid containing protozoa and an effective amount of a photosensitizing agent to bind to the protozoa. The apparatus has at least one wall which is permeable to visible light.

Abstract: A method of treating a body fluid which is to be infused so as to inactivate any enveloped viruses in said fluid comprises mixing the body fluid with an effective amount of a photosensitizing agent which will bind to the viruses and/or virus infected cells and photosensitize them, and then exposing the resulting mixture to visible light to excite and inactivate the viruses. An apparatus for use in the method includes at least one container which contains an effective amount of the photosensitizing agent and which has at least one wall which is permeable to visible light. A number of photosensitizing agents which can be used in the method also are disclosed.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for preventing or treating cerebral vasospasms such as those which usually follow subarachnoid hemorrhage. The method comprises administering to the animal a safe and effective amount of nicorandil to prevent or treat the vasospasm.

Abstract: An attachment for a scintillation camera to enable the camera to be used for measurement of bone mineral mass includes a grid holder adapted to be attached to the camera, a grid mounted on the grid holder and adapted to lie directly in front of the camera when the grid holder is attached to the camera, and an arm attached at one end to the grid holder and, at the other end, including a source holder. The source holder is entirely closed except that it defines an aperture directed toward the grid. The source holder is at least 50 cm from the grid, and the grid is focussed on the source holder.

Abstract: A method of inactivating viruses comprises bringing the viruses into contact with an effective amount of a photosensitizing agent which will bind to the viruses and/or virus infected cells, and then exposing the resulting mixture to visible light to excite and inactivate the viruses.

Abstract: Novel biotinylated nucleotides have a chemically cleavable linker arm between a biotin and an organic basic group. They are useful in a method of isolating target macromolecules from crude physiological mixtures. The biotinylated nucleotides are bound via their organic basic groups to macromolecules having an affinity for the target macromolecules and brought into contact with the target macromolecules to form a biotinylated nucleotide-affinity macromolecule - target macromolecule complex. The complex thus obtained is brought into contact with immobilized avidin whereupon the biotin moeity binds to the avidin. The complex and avidin are washed to remove undesired substances and then the chemically cleavable bond in the nucleotide is cleaved to obtain the affinity-macromolecule - target macromolecule complex from which the target macromolecule can be obtained.

Abstract: A local probe for use in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging includes a pair of loop-gap resonators which are connected together and positioned adjacent a region of interest. FID signals produced in the region of interest induce signals in coupling loops mounted near each loop-gap resonator, and these connect to a transmission line leading to the receiver. Three embodiments are disclosed, one best suited for imaging appendages, a second best suited for imaging the head and neck, and a third best suited for the spine.

Abstract: The thickness of a web is measured by passing the web through the gaps of a loop-gap resonator. Changes in web thickness alter the resonant frequency of the resonator which is detected by a control circuit. Three embodiments of the invention are described, and in one embodiment, the moisture content of the web is also measured.

Abstract: Blood flow in human limbs is measured non-invasively by a nuclear magnetic resonance blood flowmeter which includes a pair of polarizing magnets whose fields are stabilized by electromagnets in each pole piece that are energized in accordance with the magnetic flux of the magnets as sensed by a Hall effect sensor. Blood molecules are either self-tagged by the polarizing field or are separately tagged by a tag coil whose field is orthogonal to the polarizing field. Once tagged, the variation in the magnetic moment of the molecule due to the tagging is detected by the variation in voltage in the receiver coil which is located orthogonally to the transmitter coil so as to reduce crosscoupling therebetween.

Abstract: An ESR spectrometer is employed to measure the oxygen concentration in a sample material. Electron paramagnetic resonance is produced in a free radical mixed with a standard material of known oxygen concentration. The phase of the signal produced by this resonance is compared with the phase of the signal produced by the electron paramagnetic resonance of the free radical mixed with the sample material. The oxygen concentration in the sample material has a single valued functional relationship with respect to this phase difference and is calculated in a microprocessor-based control system. At low oxygen concentrations, the relationship is a linear one.

Abstract: An assay method for the quantitative determination of the mineral content of bone comprises using proton decoupling and magic angle sample spinning techniques to record well resolved .sup.31 P nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of unfractionated bone biopsy samples and characterizing the differences in mineral identity and content from those of normal bone. A rotor for performing the assay includes a compartment for the sample to be assayed, and a separate compartment for a reference material.

Abstract: The ends of a loop-gap resonator are extended along a closed path to define an enclosed chamber with a gap extending along its length. A lumped circuit resonator is formed and the magnetic field is confined to the chamber. Openings may be formed in the chamber wall to direct magnetic flux through sample materials outside the chamber, and the cross sectional area of the chamber may be altered to control the energy density distribution of the magnetic field.

Abstract: A lumped circuit loop-gap resonator is formed by a plurality of openings formed through a block of material. The openings form inductive loop elements and these are interconnected in a variety of possible networks by capacitive gap elements. String, star, ring and lattice networks are described.

Abstract: A structure for supporting a loop-gap resonator includes a cylindrical housing which defines a space into which microwave energy is injected. The resonator is mounted to a support element which is inserted into the space through an opening at one end of the housing. The support element and attached resonator form an interchangeable module.