Abstract: Disclosed is a method, a device, and/or a system of authentication through use of an unforgeable hash function-based credential. In one embodiment, method for electronic authentication includes receiving an authentication request including an identity claim from a first device, the identity claim including a device root hash computed by a hash function using inputs comprising a previously calculated hash value of the device. The method retrieves data of a user profile associated with the first device, the user profile including a profile root hash computed by the hash function using inputs comprising a previously calculated hash value of the user profile. The method extracts the profile root hash and compares the device root hash with the profile root hash. The method determines that the device root hash and the profile root hash are not identical, denies the authentication request, and optionally locks the user profile.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method, a device, and/or a system of ledger token transfer of a distributed ledger network through cryptographic binding to a transferrable possession token. In one embodiment, a method for rapid and secure ledger-less transfer of a ledger token includes generating a public-private key pair, securely storing the private key and utilizing the public key as a public address. The method verifies a ledger transaction on a distributed ledger network associated the asset with the public address. The method generates a possession token having a state indicated by a state indicator. The state evolves upon transfer between two computing devices. The method cryptographically associates the ledger token and the possession token through incorporation of the public address into data generating the state indicator. The possession token is transferred to a computing device over the network while retaining the private key in secure custody.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method, a device, and/or a system of rapid and secure off-ledger cryptocurrency transactions through cryptographic binding of a private key to a possession token. In one embodiment, a method for rapid and secure ledger-less transfer of a quantity of cryptocurrency includes generating a public-private key pair, securely storing the private key and utilizing the public key as a public address. The method verifies a ledger transaction on a distributed ledger network associated the quantity of cryptocurrency with the public address. The method generates a possession token having a state indicated by a state indicator. The state evolves upon transfer between two computing devices. The method cryptographically associates the ledger token and the possession token through incorporation of the public address into data generating the state indicator. The possession token is transferred to a computing device over the network while retaining the private key in secure custody.