Abstract: A group of reductive 2D materials (R2D) with extended reactive vacancies and a method for making the R2D with extended reactive vacancies are provided, especially the example of the reductive boron nitride (RBN). To create defects such as vacancies, boron nitride (BN) powders are milled at cryogenic temperatures. Vacancies are produced by milling, and the vacancies can be used to reduce various metal nanostructures on RBN. Due to the thermal stability of the RBN and the enhanced catalytic performance of metal nanostructures, RBN-metals can be used for different catalysts, including electrochemical catalysts and high temperature catalysts.

Abstract: Synthetic brochosomes can be prepared by disposing a monolayer of first polymer microspheres on a substrate and forming a layer of metal on the monolayer of the first polymer microspheres. A monolayer of second polymer microspheres is then disposed on the layer of metal to form a template. The second polymer microspheres are smaller than the first polymer microspheres. A brochosome material is then electrodeposited on the template. The brochosome material is selected from the group consisting of a metal, a metal oxide, a polymer or a hybrid thereof. The first polymer microspheres and the second polymer microspheres are then removed to form a coating of synthetic brochosomes of the brochosome material on the substrate.

Abstract: A method for evaluating or monitoring metabolic effects of exercise or injury by detecting and/or quantifying microR-NAs in saliva. Compositions and methods of treatment based on detection of microRNAs.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to the generation of tunable coloration and/or interference from, for example, surfaces, emulsion droplets and particles. Embodiments described herein may be useful for generation of tunable electromagnetic radiation such as coloration (e.g., iridescence, structural color) and/or interference patterns from, for example, surfaces (e.g., comprising a plurality of microdomes and/or microwells), emulsion droplets and/or particles. In some embodiments, the surfaces, interfaces, droplets, and/or particles produce visible color (e.g., structural color) without the need for dyes.

Abstract: Embodiments of the systems can be configured to receive electromagnetic emissions of a substrate (e.g., a build material of a part being made via additive manufacturing) by a detector (e.g., a multi-spectral sensor) and generate a ratio of the electromagnetic emissions to perform spectral analysis with a reduced dependence on location and orientation of a surface of the substrate relative to the multi-spectral sensor. The additive manufacturing process can involve use of a laser to generate a laser beam for fusion of the build material into the part. The system can be configured to set the multi-spectral sensor off-axis with respect to the laser (e.g., an optical path of the multi-spectral sensor is at an angle that is different than the angle of incidence of the laser beam). This can allow the multi-spectral sensor to collect spectral data simultaneously as the laser is used to build the part.

Abstract: A biochemical analysis system capable of sample preparation and processing can include at least one inlet channel having a non-fouling, slippery surface to autonomously transport a fluid sample to a chamber by a geometry of the at least one inlet channel. The at least one inlet channel can include a first end, which is open and exposed, and a second end connected to the chamber for mixing and reaction of the fluid sample, and the at least one inlet channel can include a converging or diverging angle.

Abstract: Provided are methods and compositions from reprogramming human glial cells into human neurons. The reprogramming is achieved using combinations of compounds that can modify signaling via Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-?), Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), and ?-secretase/Notch pathways. The reprogramming is demonstrated using groups of three or four compounds that are chosen from the group thiazovivin, LDN193189, SB431542, TTNPB, CHIR99021, DAPT, VPA, SAG, purmorphamine. Reprogramming is demonstrated using the group of LDN193189/CHIR99021/DAPT, the group of B431542/CHIR99021/DAPT, the group of LDN193189/DAPT/SB431542, the group of LDN193189/CHIR99021/SB431542, a three drug combination of SB431542/CHIR99021/DAPT. Reprogramming using functional analogs of the compounds is also provided, as are pharmaceutical formulations that contain the drug combinations.

Abstract: Methods of treating the effects of disruption of normal blood flow in the CNS in an individual subject in need thereof are provided according to aspects of the present invention which include administering a therapeutically effective dose of exogenous NeuroD1 to an area where normal blood flow has been disrupted. Compositions are provided including 1) a recombinant adeno-associated adenovirus expression vector comprising a glial cell specific promoter operably linked to a nucleic acid encoding a site-specific recombinase and 2) a recombinant adeno-associated adenovirus expression vector comprising a ubiquitous promoter operably linked to a nucleic acid encoding NeuroD1, wherein the nucleic acid encoding NeuroD1 is inverted and flanked by two sets of site-specific recombinase recognition sites such that action of the recombinase irreversibly inverts the nucleic acid encoding NeuroD1 such that NeuroD1 is expressed in a mammalian cell.

Abstract: A device for estimating a friction coefficient between a road surface and an automotive tire through determination of a steering torque during a steering maneuver of a slow-rolling or stationary vehicle includes a computer configured for constructing a brush model for a description of the steering torque across a contact patch between the tire and road surface. The steering torque is a torque acting on a steering axis required to overcome resistance to tire twisting on the road surface at a wheel velocity and a steering rate. The steering torque depends on a tire brush vertical load distribution and relative motion of tire brushes and the road surface. The device further includes sensors for measuring the wheel velocity and the steering rate and mechanism for measurements or estimation of the steering torque. The friction coefficient is estimated based on the measurements or estimation of the steering torque and the brush model.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compounds and compositions comprising thereof. Further, methods of use such as for the treatment and prevention of a disorder associated with binding of IGF2BP1 to an RNA in a subject in need thereof are also provided.

Abstract: Unnatural, mutated thioesterases having an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% identical to SEQ. ID. NO: 1 and having substitutions at one or more of amino acid positions I107, R108, L109, S122, M141, E142, Y145, and L146, gene constructs encoding and configured to express the mutated thioesterases in a transformed host cell and host cells transformed to contain the gene constructs.

Abstract: Provided are methods and compositions from reprogramming human glial cells into human neurons. The reprogramming is achieved using combinations of compounds that can modify signaling via Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-?), Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), and ?-secretase/Notch pathways. The reprogramming is demonstrated using groups of three or four compounds that are chosen from the group thiazovivin, LDN193189, SB431542, TTNPB, CHIR99021, DAPT, VPA, SAG; purmorphamine. Reprogramming is demonstrated using the group of LDN193189/CHIR99021/DAPT, the group of B431542/CHIR99021/DAPT, the group of LDN193189/DAPT/SB431542, the group of LDN193189/CHIR99021/SB431542, a three drug combination of SB431542/CHIR99021/DAPT. Reprogramming using functional analogs of the compounds is also provided, as are pharmaceutical formulations that contain the drug combinations.

Abstract: To provide a cathode mixture configured to increase the discharge capacity of a lithium secondary battery. The cathode mixture is a cathode mixture for lithium secondary batteries, comprising: a cathode active material containing an S element, and diphenyl disulfide as an additive, wherein a content of the diphenyl disulfide in the cathode mixture is less than 13.0 mass % of a total mass (100 mass %) of the cathode mixture.

Abstract: Described herein are cationic polymers having a plurality of quaternary amino groups, methods of making such polymers, and uses of such polymers as ion exchange membranes in electrochemical devices.

Abstract: A system includes a mobile device for capturing raw video of a subject, a preprocessing system communicatively coupled to the mobile device for splitting the raw video into an image stream and an audio stream, an image processing system communicatively coupled to the preprocessing system for processing the image stream into a spatiotemporal facial frame sequence proposal, an audio processing system for processing the audio stream into a preprocessed audio component, one or more machine learning devices that analyze the facial frame sequence proposal and the preprocessed audio component according to a trained model to determine whether the subject is exhibiting signs of a neurological condition, and a user device for receiving data corresponding to a confirmed indication of neurological condition from the one or more machine learning devices and providing the confirmed indication of neurological condition to the subject and/or a clinician via a user interface.

Abstract: A compound comprising an oligomer formed from a biocompatible multifunctional carboxylic acid comprising a hydroxyl group and at least one carboxylic acid, an polyol (e.g., an aliphatic diol), and a linker. One or more conductive oligomers (e.g., polyanilines) are covalently bonded to the oligomer. The compounds can have various forms (e.g., articles of manufacture, films, scaffolds, and the like). The compounds have various uses. For example, the compounds are used in photoacoustic imaging methods.

Abstract: This document provides polymer compositions (e.g., biopolymer compositions) and coatings. For example, methods and materials related to polymer compositions (e.g., biopolymer compositions) and coatings as well as methods and materials for making and using such compositions (e.g., biopolymer compositions) and coatings are provided.

Abstract: Methods, devices, systems, and/or kits that encompass various components for accessing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in a CSF containing space of a subject to drain the CSF into a dural venous sinus (DVS) of the subject via a single cranial hole are disclosed herein. The described methods, devices, systems and/or kits drain the CSF into the DVS to treat hydrocephalus in a manner that does not require penetration into the gray matter of the subject’s brain.

Abstract: A composite material is formed by combining an expandable polymer having a charge with another polymer having an opposite charge to produce.

Abstract: A system for low power chemical sensing can include a voltage shift unit which receives a voltage signal from a chemical sensor unit. The voltage signal can be determined by a concentration of an analyte. The voltage shift unit can transform the voltage signal to an input voltage signal, and send the input voltage signal to a plurality of frequency selective surface (FSS) units of an FSS array. The FSS array can communicate a radio frequency (RF) signal in an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) S band with a resonant frequency based on the input voltage to provide the concentration of the analyte.