Abstract: The tool spindle has a drive plate on which a cutter is mounted. Drive keys on the drive plate engage slots in the cutter so that the cutter rotates with the drive plate. A clamp bar is provided to clamp the cutter against the drive plate. The cutter is formed with clearances which register with the clamp bar when the cutter is rotated relative to the clamp bar, so that the cutter may be removed from the drive plate. A new cutter is then reverse rotated into a position in which it may be clamped by the clamp bar. A spring holds the clamp bar in its clamping position. The quick change system also includes two or more locking fingers which are activated by centrifugal force to maintain the cutter clamped to the drive plate even in the event of failure of the spring which normally holds the clamp bar in its clamping position.

Abstract: The electric lamp has a lamp vessel (1) having seals (4, 5) onto which respective bases (20, 21) are secured. Each base comprises a cylindrical insulator body (22) in a free end of which a contact member (30) is accommodated, having a contact face (31) and a protruding portion (33) which has a connection area (32) to which a current supply conductor (8) of the lamp is secured. The contact member (30) is a body made from metal foil.

Abstract: A conference system comprises speaker units (12) coupled to a central unit (14). The speaker unit (12) comprises an echo canceller (20) with an adaptive filter (38) having an impulse response of comparatively short duration. In a speech pause of the user of the speaker unit (12) the common listening signal (LS) of the conference system is applied to the loudspeaker (18). Of the sounds then picked up by the microphone (16) only those sounds are compensated which are produced by the loudspeaker (18) and which reach the microphone (16) directly and which reach the microphone (16) indirectly via reflections from nearby objects. These sounds have a comparatively short impulse response time and enable a comparatively simple adaptive filter (38) to be used. The other sounds picked up by the microphone (16) reach the microphone (16) via reflections from the walls of the conference space (10) in which the conference system is situated. The other sounds have a comparatively long impulse response time.

Abstract: An echo canceller for use in send/receive apparatus includes a frequency-domain adaptive filter which provides filter parameters to a time-domain programmable filter. The programmable filter produces a signal y(k) which is an estimate of the echo signal produced by acoustic coupling between a loudspeaker in the received path and a microphone in the send path. By subtracting this estimate from the signal produced in the send path, an output signal r(k) is obtained from the send path which is essentially free of echoes. An accurate estimate of the echo signal cannot be obtained if a send signal is present at the input of the send path. Therefore, detecting means in the adaptive filter detects whether such a send signal is present and in that case blocks the transfer of filter parameters from the adaptive filter to the programmable filter. Erroneous modification of the estimated echo signal is thereby avoided.

Abstract: An appliance for infusing a substance, for example coffee, comprises means (23, 16) for dividing an initial quantity of water into a pre-wetting quantity and at least one additional quantity, which quantities are poured on in at least two steps which are spaced in time. Means (20a, 20b, 22) for continuously measuring the level of the water to be poured on enable several dividing programs to be selected.

Abstract: A crankshaft is rotated about its central longitudinal axis and abrasive belts are moved along paths substantially perpendicular to the crankshaft such that the abrasive surfaces of the belts grind the crankpin journals while the crankshaft rotates. The belts are guided independently of one another at the point of contact with the crankpin journals along a variable path according to the position of the crankpin journal around the central longitudinal axis of the crankshaft as the crankshaft rotates. Each belt may be guided by a thin, flat blade across which the belt slides, or it may be guided by a freely rotatable roller in substantially frictionless contact with the belt.

Abstract: A retainer for the nose piece of the shoe which backs the abrasive belt in a belt-type grinding machine. The nose piece is T-shaped having a cross member provided with opposite side portions and a stem between the side portions. The head of the shoe has a stem-receiving recess and outwardly facing locating shoulders on opposite sides of the recess. The nose piece is mounted on the head with its stem in the recess and its side portions overlying the shoulders. The retainer is a pin having a resilient shank provided with an offset which may be either a laterally bent portion of the shank or a cam-like projection on the shank. The pin is received in aligned openings in the head and in the stem. When rotated to locking position, the pin offset forces the stem down into the recess and also forces the side portions of the cross member down squarely and solidly upon the shoulders.

Abstract: A method of grinding crankpin journals on a crankshaft in which the crankshaft is rotated about its central longitudinal axis. Abrasive belts are moved along paths substantially perpendicular to the crankshaft such that the abrasive surfaces of the belts grind the crankpin journals while the crankshaft rotates. The belts are guided independently of one another at the point of contact with the crankpin journals along a variable path according to the position of the crankpin journal around the central longitudinal axis of the crankshaft as the crankshaft rotates.

Abstract: A camshaft is provided having longitudinally spaced cams for operating the valve lifters of an engine. Each cam has juxtaposed first and second cam lobes for operating at low speed conditions (city driving) and high speed conditions (highway). The profile of each cam lobe has a base circle area and the base circle areas of the lobes on each cam are of the same radius and overlap to provide a cross-over zone. While the engine is running and the camshaft is rotating, the camshaft can be shifted longitudinally between a first position in which the valve lifters contact the profiles of the first cam lobes of the cams and a second position in which the valve lifters contact the profiles of the second cam lobes.

Abstract: Method of recording information, recording element manufactured according to the method and method of producing a metal matrix.Recording in which a recording double layer which has an absorbing dye is exposed to laser light of a higher and a lower energy level, in which by exposure to laser light of the lower energy level, a bump is formed in the recording layer and in which by exposure to laser light of the higher energy level a bulge is formed which at the surface comprises a groove, as well as a recording element obtained by using the method and a method of manufacturing a metal copy from the recording element.

Abstract: An a.c. to low voltage d.c. converter includes a pair of input voltage supply lines (Vin,OV) and a semiconductor switch element (T1) and a capacitor (C1) connected in series between the supply lines. An output (Vo) for d.c. voltage is provided across the capacitor (C1). A sensing circuit (10) is responsive to the input voltage and is arranged to trigger the switching element (T1) to conduct only during a portion of the a.c. voltage below a predetermined voltage.

Abstract: The high-pressure discharge lamp has an ionizable filling containing mercury, rare gas, dysprosium halide and a second halide chosen from the halides of Tl, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm and Gd. The lamp has a comparatively low color temperature and a good color rendition, especially also of the color of the skin. The lamp may be used, for example, as a studio lamp for the illumination of indoor scenes.

Abstract: Apparatus for grinding to predetermined contour a plurality of eccentric cams on a cam shaft, comprising abrasive belts supported adjacent the cam shaft for linear movement such that the belts grind the peripheries of the cams. The belts are guided along a variable path according to the cam contour desired by shoes engaging the belts at their points of contact with the cams. The shoes are mounted on actuators powered by motor units controlled by CNC controllers. A coolant distributor for each belt is capable of flexing the belt to compensate for shoe movement.

Abstract: Apparatus for monitoring or tracking the angular position of a rotating camshaft during grinding or milling of cams on the camshaft. The cams may be milled, but in the apparatus shown, they are ground by abrasive belts which are guided by actuators driven by CNC controlled motors, to obtain the desired cam contours. Monitoring is carried out by a pick-up member engageable with a locating pin on the camshaft. The pick-up member has a slot for receiving the locating pin between a locator pad and a leaf spring. The leaf spring clamps the pin against the locator pad. The pick-up member will closely follow the rotation of the camshaft despite variations in pin size, and feed back the exact rotative position of the camshaft to the CNC controlled motors consistently and accurately.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of generating a layer image from a plurality of single images, the image processing errors which locally occur in the single images being substantially eliminated in the layer image. To this end, the image values for the individual layer image points are formed by that image value of the image points geometrically situated with the layer image point which corresponds to the next to the lowest absorption value.

Abstract: The assembly has a low-pressure sodium discharge lamp (1), of which the outer envelope (4) has an electrically conducting coating (5), which is connected through a capacitor (29) to one of the current supply conductors (13) to the light source (3) of the lamp (1) and to the neutral conductor (18) of the power supply (2), which supplies an alternating voltage having a frequency of at least 80 kHz. The lamp holder (23) has an eccentrically arranged projection at its inner surface while the lamp cap (6) has an eccentrically arranged recess at its outer surface, which, when the lamp cap (6) is arranged in the lamp holder (23), engage with each other and guarantee a connection of the capacitor (29) to the neutral conductor (18). The lamp (1) is suitable for operation at mains voltage frequency and is still fitting into the lamp holder of mains voltage frequency equipment.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cutting a pair of circular grooves in the side edges of the periphery of a circular disk such, for example, as the stator of an alternator. A milling cutter having axially spaced cutting elements along its periphery is positioned so that its axis is parallel to the axis of the disk. The cutter is moved toward the disk while being axially rotated, to cause the cutting elements to cut into the side edges of the periphery of the disk. The disk is then rotated one full turn to cause the cutting elements to cut the grooves.

Abstract: A color display tube in which the bridges between the apertures of the color selection electrode are situated substantially on substantially straight lines in the plane of the color selection electrode, which lines enclose an angle between 3.degree. and 8.degree. with the horizontal direction of deflection, effectively suppressing the occurrence of moire-patterns.

Abstract: A test device (40) has a patterned conductive layer (42 or 44) particularly adapted for use in an E-beam probe system (FIG. 3) to study how local electric fields influence probe voltage measurements. The layer is composed of two or more conductors (A and B.sub.J C and D.sub.J) separated from each other. Each conductor has a group of fingers. The fingers (F1.sub.p, F0.sub.p, F2, F0.sub.Q and F1.sub.Q) run parallel to one another and are at least partially interdigitated. The width of each finger is constant along its length. The widths of the fingers and the spacings between them vary from finger to finger according to a selected pattern.