Abstract: A system is provided for the quantitative magnetic separation of magnetic objects (e.g., particles or cells). The system uses magnetic ratcheting over arrays of ferromagnetic elements having gradient spacing manifested in various pitch zones that are encountered by the magnetic objects as they traverse the array. The system can be used to separate and concentrate magnetic objects based on iron oxide content. For cells, different phenotypes may be separated based, for example, on surface expression of proteins or molecules that are bound to magnetic particles. The system includes a substrate or chip having the array of ferromagnetic elements with increasing lateral pitch and an externally driven magnet device that generates a cycling magnetic field. Magnetic objects with higher IOC separate and equilibrate along the array at larger pitches. The system can be used for the differential sorting of particles and cells of interest.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the application discloses ligands, such as a ligand from a dihydrobenzo[1,3] oxaphosphole scaffold, and palladium complexes comprising the ligands and methods for performing cross coupling reactions and asymmetric cross coupling reactions with high selectivity and efficiency.

Abstract: A method for localizing delivery of an agent to a target site in a subject is provided. The method allows accumulation and/or release of the agent at the target site in the subject through the use of an energy source.

Abstract: Techniques and systems are disclosed for implementing textile-based screen-printed amperometric or potentiometric sensors. The chemical sensor can include carbon based electrodes to detect at least one of NADH, hydrogen peroxide, potassium ferrocyanide, TNT or DNT, in liquid or vapor phase. In one application, underwater presence of chemicals such as heavy metals and explosives is detected using the textile-based sensors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to preparation and use of water dispersible nanogels and solvent dispersible reactive nanogels as additives to enhance polymer properties or as precursors to polymeric networks.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods for fabricating an organic photovoltaic device comprising depositing an amorphous organic layer and a crystalline organic layer over a first electrode, wherein the amorphous organic layer and the crystalline organic layer contact one another at an interface; annealing the amorphous organic layer and the crystalline organic layer for a time sufficient to induce at least partial crystallinity in the amorphous organic layer; and depositing a second electrode over the amorphous organic layer and the crystalline organic layer. In the methods and devices herein, the amorphous organic layer may comprise at least one material that undergoes inverse-quasi epitaxial (IQE) alignment to a material of the crystalline organic layer as a result of the annealing.

Abstract: A supramolecular approach has been developed for preparation of size-controllable nanoparticles, from three different molecular building blocks.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to nanofiber yarns, ribbons, and sheets; to methods of making said yarns, ribbons, and sheets; and to applications of said yarns, ribbons, and sheets. In some embodiments, the nanotube yarns, ribbons, and sheets comprise carbon nanotubes. Particularly, such carbon nanotube yarns of the present invention provide unique properties and property combinations such as extreme toughness, resistance to failure at knots, high electrical and thermal conductivities, high absorption of energy that occurs reversibly, up to 13% strain-to-failure compared with the few percent strain-to-failure of other fibers with similar toughness, very high resistance to creep, retention of strength even when heated in air at 450° C. for one hour, and very high radiation and UV resistance, even when irradiated in air. Furthermore these nanotube yarns can be spun as one micron diameter yarns and plied at will to make two-fold, four-fold, and higher fold yarns.

Abstract: The invention provides articles of manufacture comprising biocompatible nanostructures comprising nanotubes and nanopores for, e.g., organ, tissue and/or cell growth, e.g., for bone, kidney or liver growth, and uses thereof, e.g., for in vitro testing, in vivo implants, including their use in making and using artificial organs, and related therapeutics. The invention provides lock-in nanostructures comprising a plurality of nanopores or nanotubes, wherein the nanopore or nanotube entrance has a smaller diameter or size than the rest (the interior) of the nanopore or nanotube. The invention also provides dual structured biomaterial comprising micro- or macro-pores and nanopores. The invention provides biomaterials having a surface comprising a plurality of enlarged diameter nanopores and/or nanotubes.

Abstract: Methods for determining the presence of cancer stem cells by detecting GD2 expression. Also provided are methods for reducing proliferation of cancer stem cells by contacting the cells with a GD2 targeting agent, such as an anti-GD2 antibody or a GD3 synthase inhibitor. GD3 synthase inhibitor compounds are also provided.

Abstract: A vibratory gyroscope system is described which utilizes a mechanical resonator having a first mode of vibration and an associated first natural frequency, and a second mode of vibration having an associated second natural frequency. The angular rate of motion input couples energy between the first and second modes of vibration. The gyroscope has driver circuits, sensors and actuators for the first and second modes. The invention utilizes a bias error shifting method which provides for shifting the bias error away from DC to a higher frequency, where it can be removed by low pass filtering. As a result of the inventive method, gyroscope systems can be produced with significantly lower bias error.

Abstract: The present invention relates to ?v?8 antagonists, anti-?v?8 antibodies or immunoconjugates for reducing TGF? activation in an individual. Further provided are compositions comprising one of the ?v?8 antagonists, anti-?v?8 antibodies or immunoconjugates, methods for using the compositions, and related subject matter.

Abstract: Apparatus and method that includes providing a variable-parameter electrical component in a high-field environment and based on an electrical signal, automatically moving a movable portion of the electrical component in relation to another portion of the electrical component to vary at least one of its parameters. In some embodiments, the moving uses a mechanical movement device (e.g., a linear positioner, rotary motor, or pump). In some embodiments of the method, the electrical component has a variable inductance, capacitance, and/or resistance. Some embodiments include using a computer that controls the moving of the movable portion of the electrical component in order to vary an electrical parameter of the electrical component. Some embodiments include using a feedback signal to provide feedback control in order to adjust and/or maintain the electrical parameter.

Abstract: Computer-implemented methods are used to analyze a medical image to assess the state of the sample region. In at least one embodiment, the method comprises receiving at least one medical image collected previously from an image source, the at least one medical image comprising a plurality of voxels, each characterized by a signal value; classifying the signal value of each voxel as representing one of healthy tissue or diseased tissue based on a threshold value; and analyzing at least one topographical feature of the at least one medical image.

Abstract: An apparatus and method controls an environmental control system to maintain a differential pressure between a room and one or more adjacent areas by (1) determining a differential pressure error based on the differential pressure and a differential pressure set point using a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller; (2) increasing an air change per hour set point whenever one or more first parameters are satisfied; (3) decreasing the air change per hour set point whenever one or more second parameters are satisfied; and (4) sending one or more control signals to the environmental control system that maintain the differential pressure between the room and the one or more adjacent areas by adjusting: (a) the leading airflow to be approximately equal to the air flow change set point multiplied by a volume of the room divided by 60, and (b) the tracking airflow to maintain a volume differential set point.

Abstract: Methods for fabricating refractory metal scandate nanocomposite powders with homogeneous microstructured refractory metal grains and a uniform nanosized dispersion of scandia are provided. The powders prepared by the sol-gel methods have a spherical morphology, a narrow distribution of particle sizes and a very uniform dispersion of nanosized scandia particles joined to the tungsten grains. The powder particle sizes can range from nanometers to micrometers. The powders can be pressed into porous cathode structures that can be impregnated with emissive materials to produce high current density and long life cathodes for high-power terahertz vacuum electron devices. The sol-gel fabrication methods allow control over the materials, particle size, particle composition and pore size and distribution of the cathode structure by manipulation of the process parameters.

Abstract: Described are methods of determining a property of a sample, examples of sample properties that can be determined and provided using the methods described herein include, for example, the chirality of the analyte, the presence of chiral analyte, the circular dichroism of sample, the concentration of the analyte in the sample, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and materials for extending a circulating half-life of a protein. The method comprises conjugating a protein with a polymerizable acryloyl group and encapsulating the protein with a layer of poly(2-methacryloxyloxyethyl phosphorycholine) (pMPC). The layer of pMPC comprises a plurality of 2-methacryloxyloxyethyl phosphorycholine monomers (MPC) polymerized with a N,N?-methylenebisacrylamide (BIS) crosslinker.

Abstract: The invention is drawn to a photonic crystal fiber that can be used with nanoparticles to detect and quantify components in a test sample. The invention further relates to methods of using the photonic crystal fiber for detecting chemical and biological analytes, and in use in optical communications.

Abstract: A multi-mode optical waveguide device is formed from a plurality of periodically structured waveguides, where each waveguide is configured to guide a carrier signal comprising one spatial mode of a plurality of spatial modes and has at least one segment of each waveguide with a waveguide width that periodically changes along a waveguide path to induce coupling between pairs of spatial modes. In some embodiments, the at least one segment is disposed at a location along the waveguide path at which maximal mode overlap occurs. The waveguide device may be used as for space-division multiplexing and as an optical switch.