Abstract: The extent of hydrodesulfurization of coke formed by coking bitumen is enhanced by the addition of small amounts of sodium hydroxide to the bitumen prior to coking the same.

Abstract: Heavy oils, including oil sands, are recovered from mined or in-situ formation by a novel procedure which involves an initial emulsification of the oil with aqueous alkali, usually sodium hydroxide solution, at a pH above about 11. After separation of any residual solid phase, such as sand, the resulting oil-in-water emulsion is inverted by the use of slaked lime to form a water-in-oil emulsion and thereby regenerating part of the sodium hydroxide solution. The water-in-oil emulsion is dewatered to recover the oil phase while the aqueous phase is recycled to the initial emulsification, after removal of clay particles when oil sands are treated.

Abstract: Heavy oils, including oil sands, are recovered from mined or in-situ formation by a novel procedure which involves an initial emulsification of the oil with aqueous alkali, usually sodium hydroxide solution, at a pH above about 11. After separation of any residual solid phase, such as sand, the resulting oil-in-water emulsion is inverted by the use of slaked lime to form a water-in-oil emulsion and thereby regenerating part of the sodium hydroxide solution. The water-in-oil emulsion is dewatered to recover the oil phase while the aqueous phase is recycled to the initial emulsification, after removal of clay particles when oil sands are treated.

Abstract: Heavy crude oils are transported by pipeline from deposit location to a remote upgrading location by emulsifying the crude oil using deaerated sodium hydroxide solution, conveying the oil-in-water emulsion through the pipeline, and recovery of the oil from the oil-in-water emulsion by inverting the emulsion and dewatering the resulting water-in-oil emulsion. The emulsion inversion may be effected using slaked lime, resulting in recovery of a substantial proportion of the sodium hydroxide used in the initial emulsification. The sodium hydroxide solution may be recycled by a separate pipeline for reuse or treated for discharge.

Abstract: A welding process, such as a GMA welding process, employs a consumable electrode with the consumable electrode being oscillated back and forth over the surface of an object to which welding material is to be applied or across the gap between two pieces of metal to be welded together. At the ends of the swings of the consumable electrode an impact force is applied to the consumable electrode to interrupt its movement, thereby causing molten metal at the end of the consumable electrode from which the arc is struck to be impelled therefrom.

Abstract: Layers of overburden are progressively removed from one inclined side of a cut by a rotating cutter and deposited on the other side of the cut in substantially the same geological sequence by traversing the cutter along an arm sloping along the inclined side, conveying the removed overburden by the arm to the bottom of the cut, and depositing the overburden by an adjustable endless belt on the opposite sloping side. The arm is moved along the sloping side by self-propelled transport units at the top and bottom of that sloping side.

Abstract: Poisoned alunina catalyst is removed from the reactor and washed with hot water to remove soluble sulfates. The carbon on the washed catalyst is then burned off and the product may again be washed to remove further sulfates formed during the oxidative burn-off. The activity of the catalyst thus regenerated is comparable to that of fresh alumina catalyst employed for sulfur recovery by the modified Claus process.

Abstract: A welding process, such as a GMA welding process, employs a consumable electrode with the consumable electrode being oscillated back and forth over the surface of an object to which welding material is to be applied or across the gap between two pieces of metal to be welded together. At the ends of the swings of the consumable electrode an impact force is applied to the consumable electrode to interrupt its movement, thereby causing molten metal at the end of the consumable electrode from which the arc is struck to be impelled therefrom.

Abstract: A transition metal catalyst suitable for use in the synthesis of ammonia is produced by doping an activated carbon support material with a solution of an alkaline earth metal compound, a solution of a compound of a transition metal from Group VIII and a solution of an alkali metal compound. Each doping is performed separately; the product of each step is baked to obtain a catalyst having a black and lustrous surface. The doping and the baking operations are preferably conducted under vacuum.The catalyst is preferably prepared with barium as the alkaline earth metal, ruthenium as the transition metal and potassium as the alkali metal. The activated carbon support material can additionally be doped with a solution of a compound of a lanthanide metal and/or a solution of a compound of a Group IIIA metal.The present family of catalysts provides good ammonia yields in the fixation of nitrogen at temperatures as low as 375.degree. C. and at pressures ranging from 27 - 67 atmospheres.

Abstract: The starch in barley or a like grain is hydrolyzed with the enzyme glucoamylase to produce glucose. The glucose is then reacted with urea under drying conditions to produce a high assay mixture of ureides, mainly monoglucosyl ureide. The end product is found to be a useful non-protein nitrogen feed supplement for cattle.