Abstract: The process of the present invention comprises transporting a reactor effluent containing acrylonitrile/methacrylonitrile to a first column (quench) where the reactor effluent is cooled with a first aqueous stream, transporting the cooled effluent into an indirect contact cooler to condensed at least some of the cooled effluent to form a condensate comprising water and acrylonitrile/methacrylonitrile, transporting the remaining cooled gaseous effluent containing acrylonitrile/methacrylonitrile into a second column (absorber) where the cooled effluent is contacted with a second aqueous stream to absorb substantially all of the remaining acrylonitrile/methacrylonitrile into the second aqueous stream, transporting the second aqueous stream containing the acrylonitrile/methacrylonitrile to a first distillation column (recovery column) for separation of the crude acrylonitrile/methacrylonitrile from the second aqueous stream, and transporting the separated crude acrylonitrile/methacrylonitrile to a second distilla

Abstract: A catalyst useful in the manufacture of acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile by the catalytic reaction in the vapor phase of a paraffin selected from propane and isobutane with molecular oxygen and ammonia by catalytic contact of the reactants in a reaction zone with a catalyst, the feed composition having a mole ratio of the paraffin to ammonia in the range of about 1.0 to 10 and a mole ratio of paraffin to oxygen in the range of about 1.0 to 10, wherein said catalyst has the elements in the proportions indicated by the empirical formula:MO.sub.a V.sub.b Sb.sub.c Ga.sub.d X.sub.e O.sub.xwhereX is one or more of As, Te, Se, Nb, Ta, W, Ti, Zr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ni, Pd, Pt, B, In, Ce, Re, Ir, Ge, Sn, Bi, Y, Pr, an alkali metal, and an alkaline earth metal, preferably Nb, Ce, Fe, Ge, Sn, In, As, Se, and B, especially preferred being Nb,a equals 1,b equals 0.0 to 0.99, preferably 0.1 to 0.5,c equals 0.01 to 0.9, preferably 0.05 to 0.5,d equals 0.01 to 0.5, preferably 0.01 to 0.4,e equals 0.0 to 1.

Abstract: An electrochemical process for extracting oxygen from an oxygen-containing gas which uses an electrochemical cell having two zones separated by a multi-component membrane made from intimate, gas-impervious, multi-phase mixture of an electronically conductive phase and an oxygen ion-conducting phase. In one zone a gas containing oxygen is passed in contact with the membrane. In the other zone a gas capable of reacting with oxygen is passed in contact with the membrane.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing acrylonitrile comprising reacting propylene, ammonia and oxygen in a reactor zone in the presence of a catalyst to produce a reactor effluent containing crude acrylonitrile, transferring the reactor effluent containing crude acrylonitrile to a quench column wherein the reactor effluent containing crude acrylonitrile is contacted with an aqueous stream to cool the reactor effluent, transferring the cooled reactor effluent containing the crude acrylonitrile to an absorption column wherein the reactor effluent containing crude acrylonitrile is contacted with a second aqueous stream to separate and remove the crude acrylonitrile as a bottom stream from the absorption column, transferring the bottom stream containing the crude acrylonitrile to a recovery and purification section where the acrylonitrile is recovered and purified, wherein the improvement comprises supplying the second aqueous stream to the absorption column by means of liquid spray nozzles.

Abstract: An ammoxidation catalyst characterized by the following empirical formula comprising:VSb.sub.a Sn.sub.b Ti.sub.c Fe.sub.d O.sub.xwhere1.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.1.80.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.0.350.ltoreq.c.ltoreq.0.150<d.ltoreq.0.80<b+c.ltoreq.0.51.ltoreq.a-d<1.8and when a-d>1.2then 0<d<0.5 and 0.3.ltoreq.b+c.ltoreq.0.5and when a-d.ltoreq.1.2then 0.2<d.ltoreq.0.8 and 0<b+c<0.3and x is determined by the oxidation states of the cations present in the catalyst.Preferably, the catalyst has been calcined at a temperature of at least 780.degree. C.

Abstract: A method of preparing a catalyst having the elements and the proportions indicated by the following empirical formula:VSb.sub.m A.sub.a D.sub.d O.sub.xwhereA is one or more Ti, Sn, where Sn is always presentD is one or more Li, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Co, Fe, Cr, Ga, Ni, Zn, Ge, Nb, Zr, Mo, W, Cu, Te, Ta, Se, Bi, Ce, In, As, B, Al and Mn whereinm is 0.5 to 10a is greater than zero to 10d is zero to 10x is determined by the oxidation state of the cations present,comprising making an aqueous slurry of a mixture of source batch materials comprising compounds of said elements to be included in the final catalyst, followed by drying and heat calcining the mixture to an active catalyst, wherein the source batch material for the tin is a solution which comprises SnO.sub.2.xH.sub.2 O wherein x.gtoreq.0 dispersed in tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxide wherein the tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxide is defined by the following formula:C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 NOHwherein 5.gtoreq.n.gtoreq.

Abstract: An improved catalyst for the hydrogenation of maleic acid, maleic anhydride or other hydrogenatable precursor to 1,4-butanediol and tetrahydrofuran has been discovered. This hydrogenation catalyst comprises palladium, silver, rhenium and at least one of iron, aluminum, cobalt and mixtures thereof, all on a carbon support.

Abstract: A process for the enhanced recovery of waste organics, mainly hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and acrylonitrile, from the process flare material obtained from the reactor effluent of an ammoxidation reaction of propylene or isobutylene.

Abstract: A novel composite high-nitrile fiber in which the polymers are arranged in a sheath core type configuration. One polymer of the composite filament contains a solventless, waterless, melt-processable acrylonitrile olefinically unsaturated polymer and the other polymer of the composite filament contains an organic polymer. Either polymer can be employed as the sheath or the core component of the composite filament.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of unreacted ammonia from the reactor effluent obtained from a reaction zone used to produce acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile comprising quenching the reactor effluent with an aqueous solution of ammonium phosphate wherein the ratio of ammonium ions to phosphate ions in the solution is between about 0.7 to about 1.3, preferably between about 0.9 to 1.2.

Abstract: A process for the destruction of organic compounds selected from the group consisting of nitriles, aromatics, heteroaromatics, amides, organic acids, aldehydes and alcohols from wastewater, comprising contacting volatilized wastewater with a catalyst at an elevated temperature in the absence of added oxygen, so as to convert volatile organic compounds and ammonia to a mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon dioxide which are separated and removed from the stream, yielding a purified aqueous stream, substantially free of organic compounds.

Abstract: A process for regenerating molybdenum containing ammoxidation catalyst comprising replacing the molybdenum loss from the catalyst during the ammoxidation reaction wherein ammonium dimolybdenum is utilized as the source for replacement of the molybdenum loss from the original catalyst.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing an unsaturated mononitrile selected from the group consisting of acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile comprising reacting an olefin selected from the group consisting of propylene and isobutylene, ammonia and oxygen in a reactor zone in the presence of a catalyst to produce a reactor effluent containing the corresponding unsaturated mononitrile, transferring the reactor effluent containing the unsaturated mononitrile to a quench column wherein the reactor effluent containing the unsaturated mononitrile is contacted with at least a first aqueous stream to cool the reactor effluent, transferring the cooled reactor effluent containing the unsaturated mononitrile to an absorption column wherein the reactor effluent containing unsaturated mononitrile is contacted with at least a second aqueous stream to separate and remove the unsaturated mononitrile as a bottom stream from the absorption column, transferring the bottom stream containing the unsaturated mononitrile to a recovery and puri

Abstract: A method of preparing a catalyst having the elements and the proportions indicated by the following empirical formula:VSb.sub.m A.sub.a D.sub.d O.sub.xwhereA is one or more Ti, Sn, where Sn is always presentD is one or more Li, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Co, Fe, Cr, Ga, Ni, Zn, Ge, Nb, Zr, Mo, W, Cu, Te, Ta, Se, Bi, Ce, In, As, B, Al and Mn whereinm is 0.5 to 10a is greater than zero to 10d is zero to 10x is determined by the oxidation state of the cations present,comprising making an aqueous slurry of a mixture of source batch materials comprising compounds of said elements to be included in the final catalyst, followed by drying and heat calcining the mixture to an active catalyst, wherein the source batch material for the tin is a solution which comprises SnO.sub.2.xH.sub.2 O wherein x.gtoreq.0 dispersed in tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxide wherein the tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxide is defined by the following formula:C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 NOHwherein5.gtoreq.n.gtoreq.

Abstract: A catalyst composition comprising a complex of catalytic oxides of iron, bismuth, molybdenum and calcium and characterized by the following empirical formula:A.sub.a B.sub.b C.sub.c D.sub.d Fe.sub.e Bi.sub.f MO.sub.12 O.sub.xwhere A=one or more of Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs or mixtures thereofB=one or more of Mg, Mn, Ni, Co, Ag, Pb, Re, Cd and Zn or mixtures thereofC=one or more of Ce, Cr, Al, Sb, P, Ge, La, Sn, V and W or mixtures thereofD=one or more of Ca, Sr, Ba or mixtures thereofand a=0.01 to 1.0; b and e=1.0-10; c, d, and f=0.1 to 5.0 and x is a number determined by the valence requirements of the other elements present.

Abstract: A process for preparing a catalyst having the following formula:V.sub.a Sb.sub.b M.sub.c O.sub.xwherein M=tin, titanium, lithium, sodium, potassium, molybdenum, tungsten, iron, chromium, cobalt, copper, gallium, niobium, tantalum, tellurium, bismuth, or mixtures thereof,a=0.1 to 5, preferably 0.1 to 3, most preferably 0.1 to 2b=0.1 to 5, preferably 0.1 to 3, most preferably 0.1 to 2c=0.0 to 5, preferably greater than 0 to 5, most preferably 0.01 to 3, andx is a number sufficient to satisfy the valency requirements of the elements,comprising forming an aqueous slurry comprising vanadium and antimony, adding a peptizing agent free of any lithium compounds capable of providing hydroxide ions to said slurry and spray drying said slurry to form an attrition resistant catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel solid state mixed conductor membranes and their use for separating oxygen from oxygen-containing feeds at elevated temperatures. The membranes comprise a multicomponent metallic oxide of substantially cubic perovskite structure, stable in air over the temperature range of 25.degree.-950.degree. C., having no connected through porosity wherein the membrane is of a composition represented by the formula ?A.sub.1-x A'.sub.x !?Co.sub.1-y-z B.sub.y B'.sub.z !O.sub.3-.delta., where A.tbd.Ca, Sr, Ba, and mixtures thereof; A'.tbd.La, Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Th, U, and mixtures thereof; B.tbd.Fe, Mn, Cr, V, Ti, and mixtures thereof; B'.tbd.Cu, Ni, and mixtures thereof; .about.0.0001.ltoreq.x.ltoreq..about.0.1; .about.0.002.ltoreq.y<0.05; .about.0.0005.ltoreq.z.ltoreq..about.0.3; .delta. is determined by the valence of the metals.

Abstract: A process of producing a fluid bed oxacylation catalyst for olefins and diolefins having the following formula Pd--M--A whereM=Au, Cd, Bi, Cu, Mn, Fe, Co, Ce, U and mixtures thereof,A=an alkali metal or mixture thereof, andM is present in the range of from 0 to 5 wt %, comprising milling a fixed bed oxacylation catalyst precursor comprising Pd--M on a fixed support with a fluid bed catalyst aqueous binder material to form a uniform aqueous slurry, drying the aqueous slurry to remove the water to form microspheroidal particles of solid fluid bed catalyst precursor, impregnating the microspheroidal particles with a solution of alkali metal salt to form the fluid bed catalyst. The catalyst is particularly useful in the manufacture of vinyl acetate from ethylene, acetic acid and oxygen.

Abstract: A catalyst having the atomic ratios set forth in the empirical formula below:A.sub.a B.sub.b C.sub.c Ge.sub.d Bi.sub.e Mo.sub..sub.12 O.sub.xwhereA=two or more of alkali metals, In and TlB=one or more of Mg, Mn, Ni, Co, Ca, Fe, Ce, Sm, Cr, Sb, and W; preferably B equals the combination of Fe and at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ni and Co and at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Mn, Ca, Ce, Sn, Cr, Sb, and WC=one or more of Pb, Eu, B, Sn, Te and Cua=0.05 to 5.0b=5 to 12c=0 to 5.0d=0.1 to 2.0e=0.1 to 2.0x=the number of oxygen atoms required to satisfy the valency requirements of the other elements andb>a+c.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel membranes, formed from perovskitic or multi-phase structures, with a chemically active coating which demonstrate exceptionally high rates of fluid flux. One application is the separation of oxygen from oxygen-containing feeds at elevated temperatures. The membranes are conductors of oxygen ions and electrons, and are substantially stable in air over the temperature range of 25.degree. C. to the operating temperature of the membrane.