Abstract: A three dimensional optical data storage and retrieval system that includes a three dimensional optical data storage medium and an apparatus for providing access to data stored on the medium. The data storage medium includes an optical data storage material which either a low molecular weight or polymeric glassy solid that are capable of undergoing multi-photon excitation that are energetically different in the write and read cycles. The optical data storage materials provide substantially higher storage capacities relative to conventional materials, and show high robustness in that written and stored data can undergo multiple read cycles without erasure or overwriting. An apparatus for data recording and accessing stored data on the medium includes a controllable variable energy photo-emitting excitation source and an emission photo-detector.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating a strong source of doubly or multiply entangled photons emitted non-collinearly or collinearly with respect to the pump light that is at frequency 2f includes a laser medium producing classical laser light at fundamental frequency f. A medium for second harmonic generation transforms the light at fundamental frequency f to its second-harmonic frequency 2f and emitting entangled photons non-colinearly with respect to the light at the second harmonic frequency. An optical cavity element around the laser medium and the medium for second harmonic generation includes of at least two mirrors that are highly reflective at the light frequencies f and 2f.

Abstract: The present invention generally provides methods of improving thermoelectric properties of alloys by subjecting them to one or more high temperature annealing steps, performed at temperatures at which the alloys exhibit a mixed solid/liquid phase, followed by cooling steps. For example, in one aspect, such a method of the invention can include subjecting an alloy sample to a temperature that is sufficiently elevated to cause partial melting of at least some of the grains. The sample can then be cooled so as to solidify the melted grain portions such that each solidified grain portion exhibits an average chemical composition, characterized by a relative concentration of elements forming the alloy, that is different than that of the remainder of the grain.

Abstract: A class of biological sensing devices that include a substrate comprising an array of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to which are chemically attached biological molecules is disclosed. The attached biological molecules are capable of electrical conductivity that is responsive to chemical changes occurring as a result of their interaction with target species. A means for means for using DNA as a material of potential in molecular electronic sensor devices, being primarily based on molecular electron-transfer reaction processes between DNA-binding donors and acceptors is also disclosed, including composition, method of manufacture and their use are described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to chiral metal catalysts for stereoselective olefin metathesis reactions, which are recyclable and reusable in such metathesis reactions. The chiral metal-based metathesis catalysts of the invention comprise multidentate optically active or racemic chiral ligands that enable their use in asymmetric synthetic processes, such as for example, in ring-opening and ring-closing metathesis reactions (ROM and RCM, respectively) of alkenes. The catalysts of the invention are organometallic complexes of multivalent metals comprising one or more chiral bidentate ligands that exhibit superior reactivity and stereoselectivity properties. The present invention also provides methods of making such catalysts and methods for utilizing them in catalyzing stereoselective olefin metathesis reactions to provide asymmetric products in relatively high enantiomeric or stereoisomeric excess.

Abstract: Highly active, recoverable and recyclable transition metal-based metathesis catalysts and their organometallic complexes including dendrimeric complexes are disclosed, including a Ru complex bearing a 1,3-dimesityl-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene and styrenyl ether ligand. The heterocyclic ligand significantly enhances the catalytic activity, and the styrenyl ether allows for the easy recovery of the Ru complex. Derivatized catalysts capable of being immobilized on substrate surfaces are also disclosed. The present catalysts can be used to catalyze ring-closing metathesis (RCM), ring-opening (ROM) and cross metatheses (CM) reactions, and promote the efficient formation of various trisubstituted olefins at ambient temperature in high yield.

Abstract: The present invention relates to dideoxynucleoside analog compounds containing a dideoxy ribofuranosyl moiety that exhibit selective anti-viral activity coupled with substantially low toxicity toward the host cells. In particular, the compounds according to the present invention show potent inhibition of the replication of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), while remaining substantially inert toward host cell DNA. Compounds according to the present invention exhibit primary utility as agents for inhibiting the growth or replication of retroviruses, particularly HIV. The compounds of the invention comprise a (2,3?-dideoxy-?-ribofuranosyl) ring coupled to a heterocyclic nucleobase that lacks an “O2 carbonyl”, that enables them to selectively react with and inhibit viral reverse transcriptase, while remaining substantially unreactive toward human DNA polymerases.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to reinforced carbon nanotubes, and more particularly to reinforced carbon nanotubes having a plurality of microparticulate carbide or oxide materials formed substantially on the surface of such reinforced carbon nanotubes composite materials. In particular, the present invention provides reinforced carbon nanotubes (CNTs) having a plurality of boron carbide nanolumps formed substantially on a surface of the reinforced CNTs that provide a reinforcing effect on CNTs, enabling their use as effective reinforcing fillers for matrix materials to give high-strength composites. The present invention also provides methods for producing such carbide reinforced CNTs.

Abstract: The present invention provides an MFM or MRFM analytical device comprising a micro-dimensional probe that is capable of detecting single proton and single electron spin. Furthermore, it provides an MFM or MRFM device comprising a micro-dimensional probe, that is capable of detecting magnetic structures of size of order one nanometer. In particular, the present invention provides a micro-dimensional probe for an MFM or MRFM device that comprises a CNT cantilever that comprises a nanoscale ferromagnetic material. The CNT cantilever can be attached to an electrode as a component of a microscopic probe which is coupled with an electrical circuit as a component of a device for nanoscale MFM or MRFM micro-dimensional probes. The device comprising the probe and electrical circuit can be incorporated into an existing scanning probe microscope (SPM) apparatus having accommodation for electrical readout.

Abstract: Methods for preparing chiral non-racemic cyanoamines are provided. The methods are useful, e.g., for preparing chiral amino acids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to chiral metal catalysts for stereoselective olefin metathesis reactions, which are recyclable and reusable in such metathesis reactions. The chiral metal-based metathesis catalysts of the invention comprise multidentate optically active or racemic chiral ligands that enable their use in asymmetric synthetic processes, such as for example, in ring-opening and ring-closing metathesis reactions (ROM and RCM, respectively) of alkenes. The catalysts of the invention are organometallic complexes of multivalent metals comprising one or more chiral bidentate ligands that exhibit superior reactivity and stereoselectivity properties. The present invention also provides methods of making such catalysts and methods for utilizing them in catalyzing stereoselective olefin metathesis reactions to provide asymmetric products in relatively high enantiomeric or stereoisomeric excess.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to reinforced carbon nanotubes, and more particularly to reinforced carbon nanotubes having a plurality of microparticulate carbide or oxide materials formed substantially on the surface of such reinforced carbon nanotubes composite materials. In particular, the present invention provides reinforced carbon nanotubes (CNTs) having a plurality of boron carbide nanolumps formed substantially on a surface of the reinforced CNTs that provide a reinforcing effect on CNTs, enabling their use as effective reinforcing fillers for matrix materials to give high-strength composites. The present invention also provides methods for producing such carbide reinforced CNTs.

Abstract: The present invention provides peptide-based phosphorylation catalysts (PBPC's) for the asymmetric monophosphorylation of cyclitols, particularly myo-inositols. The PBPC's of the invention effect a regio and enantioselective phosphorylation of a myo-inositol in a manner analogous to enzymatic kinases, thereby functioning as effective “kinase mimics.” Although orders of magnitude less complex in terms of structure than macromolecular proteins, the PBPC's of the invention control product formation with high enantioselectivity (>98% ee). The synthetic (+)-myo-inositol-1-phosphate is optically and spectroscopically equivalent to naturally occuring compound. The ability of the low molecular weight PBPC's of the present invention to mimic stereoselective enzymes represents a powerful approach toward catalytic asymmetric synthesis of biologically important molecules, and for mechanistic modeling of biochemical transformations to enable their use in drug applications.

Abstract: A three dimensional optical data storage and retrieval system that includes a three dimensional optical data storage medium and an apparatus for providing access to data stored on the medium. The data storage medium includes an optical data storage material which either a low molecular weight or polymeric glassy solid that are capable of undergoing multi-photon excitation that are energetically different in the write and read cycles. The optical data storage materials provide substantially higher storage capacities relative to conventional materials, and show high robustness in that written and stored data can undergo multiple read cycles without erasure or overwriting. An apparatus for data recording and accessing stored data on the medium includes a controllable variable energy photo-emitting excitation source and an emission photo-detector.

Abstract: The present invention describes the preparation of carbon nanotubes of varied morphology, catalyst materials for their synthesis. The present invention also describes reactor apparatus and methods of optimizing and controlling process parameters for the manufacture carbon nanotubes with pre-determined morphologies in relatively high purity and in high yields. In particular, the present invention provides methods for the preparation of non-aligned carbon nanotubes with controllable morphologies, catalyst materials and methods for their manufacture.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of preparing dimeric arylisoquinoline alkaloids by coupling two isoquinoline building blocks, which may be the same or different, together with a symmetrical or nonsymmetrical biaryl building block to form homodimers or heterodimers, including the antiviral michellamines. The present invention also provides new, medically useful homodimeric and heterodimeric arylisoquinoline compounds and derivatives thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of preparing dimeric arylisoquinoline alkaloids by coupling two isoquinoline building blocks, each of which may be the same or different, together with a symmetrical or nonsymmetrical biaryl building block to form homodimers or heterodimers, including the antiviral michellamines. The present invention also provides new, medically useful homodimeric and heterodimeric arylisoquinoline compounds and derivatives thereof.