Abstract: An electrochemical crystal growth method wherein nutrient material (e.g., Ca(OH).sub.2) is continuously supplied to one electrode of a cell, is dissolved by electrolytic action, forming a concentration gradient, and concurrently is deposited (e.g., as Ca(OH).sub.2) near the other electrode in a predetermined amount dependent on the current through the cell. An electrolyte may be utilized which is selected from an aqueous mixture of an alkali metal salt and a soluble salt containing a metal ion in the product compound, crystals of which are to be grown. Alkaline earth hydroxides are preferred products and for growth of Ca(OH).sub.2 a preferred electrolyte is a mixture of calcium chloride and potassium chloride wherein the Ca.sup.2+ ion is regulated between 0.05-0.5 molar. A highly preferred electrolyte mixture is 0.5 molar KCl and 0.5 molar CaCl.sub.2 utilizing 1 mA current. The electrodes on the anode side may be constructed of any metal with low overvoltage for the oxidation of hydrogen (e.g.

Abstract: An apparatus for countercurrent chromatography consisting of a horizontal helical column array which is rotated about its own axis and simultaneously is rotated around a stationary central horizontal pipe at the same angular velocity to prevent twisting of its inlet and outlet flow tubes, which extend through the stationary central horizontal pipe. The column array is parallel to the stationary central pipe. The planetary motion allows both gravity and centrifugal force acting at respective times to provide high efficiency analytical and preparative scale separations on a broad spectrum of two-phase systems.

Abstract: The compound 5,6-dihydro-5-azacytidine, 5AC[H], and non-toxic acid addition salts such as the hydrochloride, together with its preparation from 5-azacytidine (5-AC) by reduction of the 5,6-double bond of 5-AC with an alkali metal borohydride such as sodium borohydride. Additionally, 5,6-dihydro-5-azacytidine, 5AC[H], has antitumor activity for murine leukemia systems L1210 and P388 as an injectable. In comparison with the parent compound, 5-AC, the antitumor activity is comparable and 5AC[H] exhibits a more favorable therapeutic index. It also has better solution stability over a broad pH range. A structure for the HCl salt is given below.

Abstract: An artificial valve remotely placeable in a blood vessel without major surgery to supplant the function of a malfunctioning natural valve including an expansible check valve remotely placed in a constricted configuration through the vessel and a remotely removable constraint for selective expansion of the check valve for sealing engagement thereof within the walls of the vessel at the desired location.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for continuous countercurrent chromatography employing a coiled column array slowly rotating about its axis, mounted on a frame which can be angularly adjusted to a desirable angle. The column can be filled with a stationary phase liquid and eluted with a mobile phase liquid by means of a pump; solute can be introduced through a sample port. The mobile phase liquid and sample are introduced through a first rotating seal. An outlet line leading to a monitor and fraction collector is connected to the column array through a second rotating seal. When the column array is filled with the stationary phase and is eluted with the mobile phase in the proper direction, nearly half of the stationary phase may be retained while constantly mixed with the mobile phase; consequently, solutes introduced through the sample port are subjected to an efficient partition process and are separated according to their relative partition coefficients.

Abstract: A method for identification of non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria (NFB) consisting of correlating results from a plurality of oxidative alkalinization (OAL) assays in media samples consisting essentially of a minimal-protein medium, an indicator and a substrate and a plurality of oxidative acidification (OAC) assays in media consisting essentially of a minimal-protein medium, an indicator and a substrate. A medium for determining oxidative attack (OA) consists essentially of a minimal-protein medium, an indicator and a substrate.

Abstract: A method of producing thebaine from codeine and oripavine from morphine which comprises (a) producing the 0-6 methyl ethers from codeine and morphine using potassium hydride and methyl iodide as the O-alkylation agents and (b) subsequently oxidizing the respective 0-6 methyl ethers of codeine and morphine to shift from allylic structure to a dienol ether structure using an oxidizing amount of MnO.sub.2 in tetrahydrofuran to produce thebaine from codeine and oripavine from morphine. In the case of morphine, it is preferable to protect the 0-3 position by acetylation prior to the oxidizing step. Both the etherification and oxidizing steps are carried out under a protecting blanket such as nitrogen and the reactions are carried out preferably under atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature with the exception of the etherification affecting the 0-6 position which may be commenced by cooling with ice.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing daunosamine hydrochloride from methyl .alpha.-D-mannopyranoside. The major features of the preparative route involve the formation of a 2-deoxy-3-keto intermediate, whose oxime is reduced with high stereoselectivity to the D-ribo-3-amino compound, followed by a stereospecific step late in the sequence to introduce the terminal C-methyl group with inversion at C-5, to generate the required L-lyxo stereochemistry. The synthesis procedure affords daunosamine hydrochloride in 40% overall yield, with no chromatographic procedures for isolation being required in any of the steps.

Abstract: 5,6-Dihydro-6-alkoxynitidine compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub. 2 are selected independently from the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl groups, H and benzyl or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 taken together are methylene and R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are selected independently from the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl groups, H and benzyl are anti-leukemic agents.

Abstract: A vaccine and method of protecting wild carnivores and especially foxes from rabies virus which comprises setting out and orally administering an immunizing dose of an attenuated liquid antirabies vaccine, said vaccine being enclosed in a bite-permeable hydrophobic plastic container or sheath and said container being surrounded by an acceptable meat bait for the carnivore such as cured sausage. An elongated shape for both the container and bait is preferred. Acceptable vaccines for utilization include ERA/BHK-21 and PRI virus and a plastic elongated polyethylene tube is preferred for the container holding the attenuated vaccine. An effective amount of a temperature stabilizer for the vaccine may be added for operating temperatures of 27.degree..sup.+C. and these temperature stabilizers are selected from purified casein hydrolysates.

Abstract: A method and device for assisting cardiocirculation includes inserting a cannula in the axillary or subclavian artery, which cannula has associated therewith a blood pump, a balloon pump which responds to EKG signals, and a heart pacer which triggers the EKG and is capable of responding to and reversing ventricular extra systoles, and maneuvering the cannula into the aorta and left ventricle. The device functions by directly unloading surplus blood from the left ventricle of the heart, thereby reducing the work load of the heart so that it may in time recover from a serious if not critical insult.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring and displaying the sag and surge voltage values of an AC power supply. Two inputs are attenuated, filtered and the peak difference is converted to a binary number by an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter. A digital comparator compares these conversions with the values stored in a maximum and minimum register. If the output of the A/D is larger than the contents of the maximum register, the previous maximum register's contents are replaced by the A/D output. If the output of the A/D is smaller than the contents of the minimum register, the previous minimum register's contents are replaced by the A/D output. Dual light emitting diode displays provide a numerical readout of the contents of the maximum and minimum registers.

Abstract: Treatment of the .alpha. and .beta. anomers of 2'-deoxy-6-selenoguanosine with alkyl halides, p-nitrobenzyl bromide, and 5-chloro-1-methyl-4-nitroimidazole under basic conditions has produced the desired products, which are 2'-deoxy-6-R-selenoguanosines where R is the substituent group [2-amino-6-R-seleno-9-(2-deoxy-.alpha.- and .beta.-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)purines] and R is preferably lower alkyl or aryl. The animal test screening indicated substantial activity for several members of this group of compounds against mouse leukemia L-1210.

Abstract: A process for the purification of the active principle of the fruit of the plant Synsepalum dulcificum is disclosed. The process includes contacting the fruit with a suspension of polyvinyl pyrrolidone, followed by adsorption of the active principle by means of chromatography procedures. By following the process in accordance with the present invention, proteases and tannins are substantially completely eliminated from the final product. The active principle of this fruit, when prepared in accordance with the present invention, has been found to be particularly useful in controlling obesity in human beings.

Abstract: A one-handed, self-contained, light-weight syringe for use in applying suction during a surgical operation includes a standardized syringe mounted into a longitudinally cut tube with a wheel attached at a right angle to the tube axis. The surgeon-operator, by turning this wheel with his fingers, may operate the syringe and control the amount of suction. The wheel is fastened to a pinion gear which rotates on a fixed shaft causing a rack and syringe plunger to move relative to the syringe barrel. This device allows the syringe barrel to move very smoothly and also enables the surgeon-operator complete freedom of one hand.

Abstract: A method and resulting temperature sensitive (ts) recombinants which may be produced by modifying wild-type influenza A viruses by utilization of chemically mutagenized donor viruses possessing ts lesions and shut off temperatures in the area 37.degree.-38.degree. C. Such a recombinant virus has been produced that contains the surface H3 antigen of influenza A/Hong Kong/1968 (H3N2) virus and a temperature-sensitive (ts) lesion derived from a ts mutant of influenza A/Great Lakes/1965 (H2N2) virus. Additional donor viruses include influenza A/Hong Kong/1968-ts-1[A], influenza A double recombinant 10B, and influenza A/Hong Kong/1968-ts-1[E]. When utilized as a vaccine, these temperature-sensitive recombinant viruses have the facility to develop only mild symptoms, but the infection induces complete resistant to influenzal disease produced by challenge with a virulent wild-type virus. The temperature-sensitive donor mutant is prepared chemically by growth of the virus in the presence of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).

Abstract: A reversible occlusive device for regulating the flow of the fluid through a body passage and having particular utility in the vas deferens for reversible male sterilization is surgically implanted. The vas is punctured by a micro tool such as a hypodermic needle and then a proximal tube having a shoulder portion and openings on either end is inserted. A second hole is punctured in this body passage at a distance approximately equal to twice that of the length of the shoulder portion of the proximal tube. A distal tube similar in construction to the proximal is then inserted into this puncture along with a closed plug for the prevention of the passage of body fluid. If the individual wants the body passage open, the closed plug is surgically removed and is replaced by an open plug.

Abstract: A technique of radiation therapy treatment planning designed to allow the assignment of dosage limits directly to chosen points in the computer-displayed cross-section of the patient. These dosage limits are used as constraints in a linear programming attempt to solve for beam strengths, minimizing integral dosage. If a feasible plan exists, the optimized plan will be displayed for approval as an isodose pattern. If there is no feasible plan, the operator/therapist can designate some of the point dosage constraints as "relaxed." Linear programming will then optimize for minimum deviation at the relaxed points. This process can be iterated and new points selected until an acceptable plan is realized. In this manner the plan is optimized for uniformity as well as overall low dosage.

Abstract: The preparation of N.sup.5 -methyltetrahydrohomofolic acid and alkali metal salts thereof is from homofolic acid starting material (HFA) by catalytic reduction with platinum oxide in the dark under hydrogen at a slight overpressure to produce tetrahydrohomofolate (THHF), them immediately reacting this product with formaldehyde to produce 5,11-methylenetetrahydrohomofolate and reducing this methylene intermediate without isolation with sodium borohydride to give the desired 5-methyltetrahydrohomofolate in the disodium salt form. The 5-methyl product is recovered by precipitating side products at a pH of about 3.8 with acetic acid and refrigerating the product filtrate overnight at about 3.degree.-10.degree.C. The filtrate containing the product 5-methyltetrahydrohomofolate (5-MeTHHF) is treated with charcoal, concentrated to an oil and the 5-methyl product is precipitated with absolute ethanol.

Abstract: A polydimethylsiloxane gum without silica filler is applied to silicone rubber membranes for use in a membrane lung.