Abstract: According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, methods of forming a semiconductor device on a semiconductor layer having opposing first and second surfaces are disclosed. An n-type doped region including an n-type dopant may be formed at the first surface of the semiconductor layer. A p-type dopant source layer including a p-type dopant may be formed on the n-type doped region. The p-type dopant may be diffused from the p-type dopant source layer through the n-type doped region into the semiconductor layer to form a p-type doped region of the semiconductor layer, and the p-type doped region of the semiconductor layer may be between the n-type doped region and the second surface of the semiconductor layer. After diffusing the p-type dopant, the p-type dopant source layer may be removed.

Abstract: A flexible armor is described herein that includes a first and second layer of fiber weave material, an inner ceramic layer, and a sheer thickening fluid. The first layer of fiber weave material forms an outermost layer on one side of the flexible armor. The second layer of fiber weave material forms an outmost layer opposite the first layer of fiber weave material on the other side of the flexible armor. The inner ceramic layer is a single continuous piece of interlinked ceramic material that is formed in between the first layer of fiber weave material and the second layer of fiber weave material. The first layer of fiber weave material, the second layer of fiber weave material, the inner ceramic layer, or a combination thereof is coated in the shear thickening fluid and the shear thickening fluid fills open space within each layer.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for additively manufactured vascular networks that can allow for large areas of a plate or structure to be maintained at a constant and even temperature throughout a wide range of applied heat loads, even if the heat load is applied only on portions of the surface. An additively manufactured vascular network in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure is a cost effective way of adding this thermal management solution over other more labor intensive options or methods with higher initial costs. Applications for additively manufactured vascular networks in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure can be found in a wide range of land, sea, air, and space environments.

Abstract: A test fixture is provided for containing a pair of test samples (i.e., sample pair) that contact each other along an interface. The fixture receives exposure to laser emission for radiative heating while providing compression to the sample pair. The text fixture includes a housing, an isolation container, and a compressor. The housing has an axial cavity with annular cross-sections including an internal helical thread portion and a window for receiving the laser emission. The isolation container receives the sample pair. The container inserts into the axial cavity and including an opening for disposition adjacent to the window. The compressor has circular cross-sections for insertion into the axial cavity and includes an external helical thread portion for engaging the internal helical thread portion of the housing. Axial pressure applies to the isolation container by turning the compressor inside the axial cavity. The isolation container provides thermal insulation from the housing and the compressor.

Abstract: This disclosure concerns electrically conducting poly(pyrazoles). The concept of oligomerizing and polymerizing substituted aminopyrazole derivatives combined with a monomer activation procedure involving base-mediated conversion of the protonated pyrazole ring nitrogen to amine salt was developed. This disclosure concerns the specific chemistries needed for the synthesis of a pyrazole monomer used in the polymer synthesis. The procedure used for blending the novel polypyrazoles with other compounds needed for construction of solar cells for testing was developed. This disclosure concerns the concept of using these types of heteroatom-rich, electron-deficient oligomers or polymers as n-dopable or p-dopable electron acceptors in photovoltaic cells. This disclosure concerns synthesizing the starting monomer compounds and polypyrazoles.

Abstract: A polymer comprising one or more chalcogenide elements and one or more crosslinking moieties. The crosslinking moieties may be organic, inorganic, or both. Also disclosed is the related method for making a polymer comprising purifying a chalcogenide polymer powder comprising one or more chalcogenide elements, melting the purified chalcogenide polymer powder, adding one or more crosslinking moieties to the melted chalcogenide polymer, and curing the modified chalcogenide polymer at a temperature between 150 and 200° C.

Abstract: The compound below may be used in a fire-fighting formulation along with a poly(glucoside)-alkane, a poly(ethylene glycol) monoalkyl ether, and water. The value n is 2 or 3, R is a C3-C9 alkylene group, X is —O— or —N(COCH3)—, and c is a positive integer. It may be made by reacting a polysaccharide with acetic anhydride, propargyl alcohol, and an azidoalkyltris(trimethylsiloxy)silane or an azidoalkylbis(trimethylsiloxy)methylsilane. Alternatively, it may be made by reacting a polysaccharide with propargylamine, acetic anhydride, and an azidoalkyltris(trimethylsiloxy)silane or an azidoalkylbis(trimethylsiloxy)methylsilane.

Abstract: Disclosed is a linear air speed simulation device for testing countermeasures. The device includes a frame; at minimum one countermeasure dispenser rotating around a radius; a motor; a countermeasure firing system and circuitry; a countermeasure; a controller; and a firing circuit power supply. A linear speed value is inputted into the controller, causing the motor to rotate the dispenser at a revolutions per minute equal to the inputted linear speed value. The countermeasure firing system and circuitry monitors speed and position of the countermeasure as it rotates and causes dispensing of the countermeasure in a desired direction once the linear speed value and the revolutions per minute value are equal. The inventive device can achieve the same linear speeds as aircraft and ground based test systems, in a safe and cost effective manner that does not require the use of rocket sleds and extended linear tracks to achieve aircraft speeds.

Abstract: Provided is a zeroing target for a firearm sighting system that includes a range card insert and a range card sleeve. The range card insert includes zero range increment markings, caliber markings, and a point of aim indicator. The range card sleeve includes a zero range viewing window, a caliber viewing window, a point of aim viewing window, and a point of impact indicator. The range card insert fits within the range card sleeve and can be moved upwards or downwards within the sleeve for selecting a desired zero range increment marking and caliber marking. A laser boresight is aimed at the point of impact indicator and a sighting system on the weapon is adjusted until the sighting system is pointing at the point of aim indicator. When the two values align, the weapon is properly bore-sighted for the desired caliber and range, which can then be confirmed by live fire.

Abstract: Radar intercept hardware is capable of receiving and storing multiple radar signals in any context including air, land, sea or space domains as radar pulse data. However, without a priori knowledge of all of the radar emitters captured by such radar interceptors, the information or intelligence that has been gathered is of little use until such radar signals are separated or deinterleaved from the radar pulse data. The present invention is directed to model-based radar signal deinterleaver systems and methods. The characteristics of known radar models, particularly pulse repetition intervals, pulse width, time of arrival and radio frequency are used by the various embodiments of the system and method of the present invention to extract out the known signals and leave the unknown or residue signals for adjudication by a subject matter expert.

Abstract: Carbon phosphonitride (CPN) including tricyanophosphine (P(CN)3), its pre-polymer (CPN-PP), and/or solid CPN(C3N3P) can serve as a useful additive for thermoset resins, resulting in improved thermal and mechanical properties.

Abstract: The invention relation to an efficient, high-throughput method for converting isoprene and ?-olefins to sustainable fuels and fuel blendstocks. The method includes coupling biologically-derived isoprene and ?-olefins via hydrovinylation to generate heavier acyclic hydrocarbons, and hydrogenating the acyclic hydrocarbons to produce sustainable fuel and fuel blendstocks. The sustainable fuels and fuel blendstocks produced by this method have applications that include use as both aviation and diesel fuels and fuel blendstocks.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a porous substrate having silver and optionally silver oxide and a silver sulfide coating. Also disclosed herein is a battery having a cathode, an anode, and a separator between the cathode and the anode. The cathode includes a substrate having silver and optionally silver oxide and a silver sulfide coating. Also disclosed herein is a method of submerging a substrate having silver and optionally silver oxide in a solution of elemental sulfur in dimethyl sulfoxide to form silver sulfide on the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: An electrospinning apparatus and method for producing three-dimensional electrospun constructs is disclosed. Further, electrospinning apparatus and method 3D electrospun collagen based mineralized nanofibrous scaffold for alveolar ridge preservation prior to dental implant therapy are disclosed.

Abstract: A bipolar nanocomposite semiconductor (BNS) material in which electrons and holes are separately transported throughout the BNS volume via an interpenetrating plurality of networks, where some of the networks have one conductivity type and others have the opposite conductivity type. The interpenetrating networks can include one or more multiple nanocrystalline structures, metal and dielectric networks and are intimately connected to enable band-like transport of both electrons and holes throughout the material.

Abstract: A wafer-scale method of making gallium nitride (GaN) device die is provided. In embodiments, the method includes: providing a GaN wafer including a GaN material layer, a non-crystalline substrate, and at least one etchable intermediate layer between the GaN material layer and the non-crystalline substrate; forming trenches through the GaN material layer and at least partially through the at least one etchable intermediate layer; forming one or more tether material layers on a first side of the GaN material layer and through portions of the trenches, thereby forming a set of tethers between the GaN material layer and the non-crystalline substrate; and removing the at least one etchable intermediate layer to expose a second side of the GaN material layer. In implementations, the resulting exposed second side of the GaN material layer has a surface roughness of less than 1 nanometers (nm) Root Mean Square (RMS).

Abstract: Disclosed is a firearm barrel that includes a bore, a rifling pattern along a length of the bore, and a grooved gas-venting pattern along a length of the bore that exceeds an envelope of the rifling pattern. The rifling pattern imparts spin on a bullet to stabilize the bullet in flight, while the grooved gas-venting pattern allows expanding propellant gases to escape around the bullet as it travels down the bore, causing a reduction in internal pressure acting on the bullet and reducing bullet velocity. The inventive barrel can reduce bullet velocity of standard ammunition, such as 5.56×45 mm NATO or 7.62×51 mm NATO to a subsonic velocity, or approximately 1125 feet per second at sea level without the need for specialized ammunition.

Abstract: A method for improving a system by detecting faulty components is described herein. The method includes calculating a baseline state of a component, calculating a current state of the component, and detecting a component fault based on the time series of new observed data. Computing the baseline state of a component includes converting a time series of observed data from the component into a sequence of graphs, computing an adjacency matrix and a normalized Laplacian matrix for each graph, computing summary values for each graph, and computing the baseline state of the component. Computing the current state of the component includes converting a time series of new observed data from the component into a sequence of graphs, computing an adjacency matrix and a normalized Laplacian matrix for each graph, and computing summary values for each graph.

Abstract: A device is provided for rotation rate measurement. The device includes a laser, pre- and post-selection polarizers, a birefringent crystal, and a detector. The laser emits a photon beam. The crystal separates the beam into separate parallel beams by phase difference in response to the rotation rate as measured by the detector.

Abstract: A Cyber Vulnerability Assessment Tool (CVAST) and CVAST Threat Assessment Heuristic (CVAST THRASH) capable of automated modeling of cyber physical systems, assessment of the nature of cyber risks thereto, and output of such cyber risk assessments are provided.