Abstract: The present invention pertains generally to the field of therapeutic compounds, and more specifically to certain aryl sulfonamides and related compounds (collectively referred to herein as ‘BPSAAA compounds’), as described herein, and including, for example, biphenyl-4-sulfonic acid (hydroxyalkyl-phenyl)-amides and related compounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of a silicate and carbonate co-substituted calcium phosphate material. The process comprises the steps of: forming a silicon and optionally carbon-containing calcium phosphate precipitate by an aqueous precipitation method involving preparing an aqueous solution comprising phosphate ions, silicate ions, calcium ions and optionally carbonate ions, wherein the ratio of Ca/P and of Ca/(P+Si) in the solution is maintained above approximately 1.67; and heating the precipitate in an atmosphere comprising carbon and oxygen to form a silicate and carbonate co-substituted calcium phosphate material. The present invention also provides a synthetic carbonate and silicate co-substituted hydroxyapatite material, as well as a biomedical material.

Abstract: Screening apparatus includes a display for presenting a target to a participant; means for locating the participant's eye a predetermined distance from the display; means for animating the target so as to vary the speed of the target discontinuously; and evaluation means for determining the participant's ability to perceive the change in the target's speed.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to certain alkane diol derivatives (including, e.g., mono- and di-esters) of the formula R1—O-A-O—R2, wherein: A is a C2-10 alkylene group; R1 is independently a first hydroxy protecting group (e.g., an ester group); and, R2 is independently —H or a second hydroxy protecting group (e.g., an ester group); and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, amides, esters, ethers, chemically protected forms, and prodrug thereof, which, inter alia, inhibit osteoclast survival, formation, and/or activity; and/or inhibit bone resorption.

Abstract: Provided are previously uncharacterised markers of cancers, for example colorectal cancers, and uses of these as diagnostic and prognostic markers of cancers, and in particular colorectal cancers. The markers are SEQ ID NO: 1—hnRNP-K; SEQ ID NO:2—HMG-1; SEQ ID NO:3—proteasome subunit alpha type 1; SEQ ID NO:4—bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein; SEQ ID NO:5—ST11; SEQ ID NO:6—annex in IV; SEQ ID NO:7—60 kDa heat shock protein; SEQ ID NO:8—T complex protein 1 beta subunit; SEQ ID NO:9—T complex protein 1 epsilon subunit; SEQ ID NO: 10—mortalin; and SEQ ID NO: 11—TER-ATPase. The invention further provides related methods and materials for the use of the markers in therapeutic intervention in colorectal and other cancers e.g. to specifically target neoplastic cells without causing significant toxicity in healthy tissues, and to provide methods for the evaluation of the ability of candidate therapeutic compounds to modulate the biological activity of cancerous cells from the colon, rectum and other tissues.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for treating diseases associated with autoantibodies specific for platelet proteins, in particular autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura. The composition, comprising an epitope of a platelet protein, treats diseases by tolerisation.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to cannabinoid (CB) receptor neutral antagonists, and especially CB1 neutral antagonists, and including, for example, certain 1,5-di-aryl-pyrazole compounds.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to certain ketones and reduced ketones and derivatives thereof which, inter alia, inhibit osteoclast survival, formation, and/or activity; and/or inhibit bone resorption, and more particularly to compounds of the formulae and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, amides, esters, and ethers thereof, wherein: Ar1, Ralk, —ORO, and -Q are as defined herein: The present invention also pertains to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds. The compounds inhibit osteoclast survival, formation, and/or activity, and inhibit conditions mediated by osteoclasts and/or characterised by bone resorption, and are useful in the treatment of bone disorders such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer associated bone disease, Paget's disease, aseptic loosening of prosthetic implants, and the like; and/or in the treatment of conditions associated with inflammation or activation of the immune system.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to certain ketones and reduced ketones and derivatives thereof which, inter alia, inhibit osteoclast survival, formation, and/or activity; and/or inhibit bone resorption, and more particularly to compounds of the formulae: (1) (2) wherein: Ar1 is independently a biphenyl, phenanthryl, fluorenyl, or carbazolyl, and is optionally substituted; Ralk is independently a C2-10alkylene group, and is optionally substituted; —ORO, if present, is independently —OH or —ORK; —ORK, if present, is independently selected from: —O—RK1; —O—C(?O)RK2; —O—C(?O)ORK3; —O—S(?O)2ORK4; Q is independently —OH or —OROT; wherein: —OROT, if present, is independently selected from: —O—RE1; —O—C(?O)—RE2; —O—C(?O)—O—RE3; —O—C(?O)—O—SO3RE4; —O—C(?O)—O—(CH2)n—COORE5; —O—C(?O)—(CH2)n—NRN1RN2; —O—C(?O)—(CH2)n—NH—C(?O)RE6; —O—C(?O)—(CH2)n—C(?O)—NRN3RN4; —O—P(?O)(ORE7)(ORE8); —O—RPA; RPA, if present, is an organic group which incorporates a phosphonic acid group; with the proviso that if —OROT is —O—RE1, then RE1 is

Abstract: The present invention pertains generally to the field of therapeutic compounds, and more specifically to certain 2?,4?-dichloro-biphenyl-4-yl-hydroxy-ketones and related compounds (collectively referred to herein as “DCBP compounds”), and more particularly to compounds selected from compounds of the following formula and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, and hydrates thereof: wherein: n is independently 1, 2, 3, or 4; W is independently —C(?O)—, —CH(OH)—, or —C(?NOROX)—; ROX is independently —H or C1-3alkyl; J is independently: —H, —RE1, —C(?O)—RE2, —C(?O)—O—RE3, —C(?O)—O—S(?O)2ORE4, —C(?O)—(CH2)n—C(?O)ORE5, —C(?O)—(CH2)n—NRNE1RNE2, —C(?O)—(CH2)n—NRNE3—C(?O)RE6, —C(?O)—(CH2)n—C(?O)—NRNE4RNE5, or —P(?O)(ORE7)(ORE8); wherein each of RE1, RE2, RE3, RE4, RE5, RE6, and RE7 is independently: —H, C1-3alkyl, -Ph, or —CH2-Ph.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and materials for use in modulating T cell activation, based on the production and secretion of soluble cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (sCTLA-4) by cells of the immune system. The method involves stimulating secretion of endogenous sCTLA-4 by T cells, which have preferably previously been exposed to an antigen, by exposing the said cells to a stimulatory agent, preferably a peptide which comprises at least one antigenic determinant of said antigen. The cells may also be exposed to a CD28 stimulatory binding agent, either alone or in combination with the antigenic peptide. In preferred embodiments, the method may be used for treatment or prophylaxis of a disease characterized by a pathogenic immune or autoimmune response. The invention also provides a system for inhibiting sCTLA-4 secretion by T cells.

Abstract: A photocatalytic reactor, capable of generating an electric current by consumption of a fuel containing organic material, comprises a direct oxidation fuel cell including an anode and a cathode. The anode is a photocatalysis-assisted anode which comprises a photocatalyst on a surface of an electrically-conductive substrate so arranged as to be receptive to light. A light-transmissive proton-conductive membrane is arranged between the anode and the cathode, such that light passes through said membrane as a final stage in the optical path to the photocatalyst. The photocatalyst promotes oxidation of organic material and generates electron-hole pairs. The reactor, configured to support multiple cells in a stacked array, is provided with inlet(s) for introducing said fuel and connector(s) for connection to an external electrical circuit.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to certain ketones and reduced ketones and derivatives thereof which, inter alia, inhibit osteoclast survival, formation, and/or activity; and/or inhibit bone resorption, and more particularly to compounds of the formulae and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, amides, esters, and ethers thereof, wherein: Ar1, Ralk, —ORO, and -Q are as defined herein: The present invention also pertains to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds. The compounds inhibit osteoclast survival, formation, and/or activity, and inhibit conditions mediated by osteoclasts and/or characterised by bone resorption, and are useful in the treatment of bone disorders such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer associated bone disease, Paget's disease, aseptic loosening of prosthetic implants, and the like; and/or in the treatment of conditions associated with inflammation or activation of the immune system.

Abstract: Antibodies that can specially bind to cytochrome P450 CYP1B1 and methods of making them are disclosed, in particular antibodies that bind to amino acid sequence VNQWSVNHDPVKWPN or PExFDPARFLDKDGy, where x is D or N and y is L or F, or an antigenic fragment thereof. The antibodies can be used in the diagnosis or treatment of cancers linked to enhanced CYP1B1 expression, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer and ovarian cancer.

Abstract: The invention relates to anti-microbial and immunostimulatory molecules of the cathelicidin family derived from fish. The invention provides a novel cathelicidin molecule, fragments, derivatives and uses thereof, and nucleic acids encoding the same.

Abstract: A composition and use thereof for the prophylaxis or treatment of Alzheimer's disease, motor neurone disease, Lewy body disease, Pick's disease or progressive supranuclear palsy. The composition includes an agent which modulates or inhibits tau-tau association and which does not inhibit tau-tubulin binding. In the method the agent is administered to an individual in order to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. Preferably the agent which is administered is a phenothiazine compound.

Abstract: Biomedical materials and, in particular, to substituted calcium phosphate (e.g. apatite and hydroxyapatite) materials for use as synthetic bone.

Abstract: A photocatalytic reactor, capable of generating an electric current by consumption of a fuel containing organic material, comprises a direct oxidation fuel cell including an anode and a cathode. The anode is a photocatalysis-assisted anode which comprises a photocatalyst on a surface of an electrically-conductive substrate so arranged as to be receptive to light. A light-transmissive proton-conductive membrane is arranged between the anode and the cathode, such that light passes through said membrane as a final stage in the optical path to the photocatalyst. The photocatalyst promotes oxidation of organic material and generates electron-hole pairs. The reactor, configured to support multiple cells in a stacked array, is provided with inlet(s) for introducing said fuel and connector(s) for connection to an external electrical circuit.

Abstract: Provided are genetic methods and materials for assessing bone mineral density (BMD) and determining the susceptibility of an individual to a disorder which is associated with a low level of BMD, the method comprising use of chloride channel 7 (Clcn7) marker. The methods may be used e.g. for diagnosis of osteoporosis. Preferred Clcn7 markers at specified positions are disclosed.

Abstract: A composition and use thereof for the prophylaxis or treatment of Alzheimer's disease, motor neurone disease, Lewy body disease, Pick's disease or progressive supranuclear palsy. The composition includes an agent which modulates or inhibits tau-tau association and which does not inhibit tau-tubulin binding. In the method the agent is administered to an individual in order to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. Preferably the agent which is administered is a phenothiazine compound.