Abstract: Compounds of formula I and their metabolites are potent mediators of an inflammatory response: where a, b, c, d, e, f, V, W, X, Y, Ra, Ra?, Rb, Rb?, Rc, and Rc? are defined herein. In particular, the compounds of the invention are candidate therapeutics for treating inflammatory conditions.

Abstract: Engineered chloride channel receptors, nucleic acids encoding these receptors, expression vectors including these nucleic acids are disclosed herein. Nanoparticles and pharmaceutical compositions including these engineered chloride channel receptors, nucleic acids, and expression vectors are disclosed. The use of these compositions and nanoparticles, such as for the treatment of pain, cystic fibrosis and asthma, is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of classifying ciliary motion includes receiving digital video data representing the ciliary motion generated by an image capture device, wherein the digital video data includes a plurality of frames. The method further includes receiving an indication of a region of interest applicable to each of the frames, wherein the region of interest includes a plurality of pixels in each of the frames, calculating time series elemental motion data for at least one elemental motion parameter for the region of interest based on the digital video data, and using the time series elemental motion data to classify the ciliary motion.

Abstract: Described herein is the finding that a mutant form of human neuroglobin (H64L) with a stable five-coordinate geometry reduces nitrite to nitric oxide approximately 2000-times faster than the wild type neuroglobin. Five-coordinate neuroglobin is also capable of binding and releasing oxygen. Based on these findings, the use of five-coordinate neuroglobin as a blood substitute is described herein. Particularly provided is a method of replacing blood and/or increasing oxygen delivery to tissues in a subject by administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of neuroglobin with a stable five-coordinate geometry. In some cases, five-coordinate neuroglobin is administered in combination with another therapeutic agent or composition, such as a second blood replacement product (for example, a hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier), a blood product (such as red blood cells, serum or plasma) or whole blood.

Abstract: Embodiments of antimicrobial chrysophaentin compounds, pharmaceutical compositions including the chrysophaentin compounds, methods for using the chrysophaentin compounds, and methods for synthesizing the chrysophaentin compounds are disclosed. Certain embodiments of the chrysophaentin compounds inhibit FtsZ protein, thereby inhibiting the growth of clinically relevant bacteria, including drug-resistant strains.

Abstract: It is disclosed herein that condroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4), also known as high molecular weight melanoma associated antigen, is overexpressed on basal breast carcinoma cells (BBC), specifically triple negative basal breast carcinoma cells (TNBC). Methods for detecting basal breast cancer in a subject are disclosed. Methods are also disclosed for inhibiting the growth of a basal breast cancer cell. These methods include contacting the basal breast cancer cell with an effective amount of an antibody that specifically binds CSPG4. Additional treatment methods, and the use of antibody panels, are also described herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for treating pancreatitis and/or organ failure comprising administering, to a subject in need of such treatment, an effective amount of a lipase inhibitor. It is based, at least in part, on the discoveries that lipotoxicity contributes to inflammation, multisystem organ failure, necrotic pancreatic acinar cell death and in acute pancreatitis, and that inhibition of lipolysis was able to reduce indices associated with these conditions. Accordingly, in various embodiments, the present invention provides for methods and compositions for limiting lipotoxicity and thereby reducing the likelihood of poor outcomes associated with acute pancreatitis and other severe systemic conditions, especially in obese individuals.

Abstract: A photonic bandgap crystal or photonic bandgap crystal material comprising a self-assembled crystalline colloidal array (CCA) of monodisperse spherical particles having a face-centered-cubic (fcc) or a body-centered-cubic (bcc) lattice dispersed in a medium. The photonic bandgap crystal or photonic bandgap crystal material has a photonic bandgap for light in the visible and near-IR or a photonic bandgap for light in the visible range of wavelengths less than about 700 nm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of treatment of clinical disorders associated with protein aggregation comprising administering, to a subject, an effective amount of an anti-protein aggregate (“APA”) compound selected from the group consisting of pimozide, fluphenazine (e.g., fluphenazine hydrochloride), tamoxifen (e.g., tamoxifen citrate), taxol, cantharidin, cantharidic acid, salts thereof and their structurally related compounds. It is based, at least in part, on the discovery that each of the aforelisted compounds were able to promote degradation of aggregated ATZ protein in a Caenorhabditis elegans model system. According to the invention, treatment with one or more of these APA compounds may be used to ameliorate the symptoms and signs of AT deficiency as well as other disorders marked by protein aggregation, including, but not limited to, Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and Huntington's Disease.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of treating infectious, inflammatory and post-traumatic disorders by administering various compounds newly discovered to have TLR4 inhibitory activity. In addition to methods of treatment, the present invention further provides for pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds, together with a suitable pharmaceutical carrier. Because TLR4 is the most upstream receptor in the pro-inflammatory LPS signaling cascade, treatments of the invention, which inhibit or antagonize TLR4 action, may avoid the pitfalls associated with other cytokine inhibitors that act further down the pathway and accordingly play a less specific (and perhaps non-critical) role.

Abstract: Methods of transplanting cells, such as hepatocytes, are presented herein. Such methods are useful for treating liver disease as well as other disorders.

Abstract: The present invention relates to HPV-positive as well as HPV-negative screening platforms that are highly serum-dependent, for use as HNSCC models. These HNSCC models die reproducibly in serum-deprived conditions and the introduction of driver mutations (or increased levels of the WT gene) confers enhanced cell survival and proliferation under serum deprivation. These platforms have the major advantages of allowing functional screening of mutations in relevant HNSCC models (HPV-positive and HPV-negative). In addition to oncogene screening, this model can also be used in drug discovery. Specifically, cells expressing mutations that confer increased survival can then be screened against panels of therapeutic agents to determine if the mutation(s) can predict the optimal treatment for patients whose tumors harbor the mutation(s).

Abstract: AS-oligonucleotides are delivered in microsphere form in order to induce dendritic cell tolerance, particularly in the non-obese-diabetic (NOD) mouse model. The microspheres incorporate antisense (AS) oligonucleotides. A process includes using an antisense approach to prevent an autoimmune diabetes condition in NOD mice in vivo and in situ. The oligonucleotides are targeted to bind to primary transcripts CD40, CD80, CD86 and their combinations.

Abstract: Provided herein are isolated populations of multipotent stem cells capable of differentiating into trabecular meshwork (TM) cells, methods of obtaining an isolated population of TM cells, and isolated populations of TM cells obtained therefrom. Compositions, kits, and devices comprising the isolated populations of multipotent stem cells or TM cells are also provided herein. Further provided are methods of using the compositions, kits, and devices for decreasing intraocular pressure in an eye, increasing cell density in a trabecular meshwork of an eye, increasing outflow of aqueous humor from an eye, or treating or preventing a medical condition in a subject.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of using relaxin polypeptides and analogs, or nucleic acid molecules encoding such polypeptides to treat or inhibit atrial fibrillation.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are solutions for use with machine perfusion of one or more organs. In some embodiments, the solutions comprise acellular cross-linked hemoglobin in a physiologically acceptable medium. Also disclosed herein are methods for machine perfusion of one or more organs, for example utilizing the disclosed perfusion solutions. In some embodiments, the methods include perfusing an organ with an oxygenated solution (such as the disclosed solutions) which is at a temperature between about 12-37° C., for example at a temperature of about 21° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides for methods and compositions for treating medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. It is based, at least in part, on the discovery that phenylbutyrate can serve as a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. In non-limiting embodiments, phenylbutyrate and/or another source of phenylacetate is administered as a chaperone treatment to patients suffering from medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.

Abstract: A synthesized siRNA molecule having the sense strand with one or more uridine bases replaced by one or more respective nucleoside analogs, such as 5-fluoro-2?-deoxyuridine (FdU).

Abstract: Systems, methods and other embodiments associated with spatial-domain Low-coherence Quantitative Phase Microscopy (SL-QPM) are described herein. SL-QPM can detect structural alterations within cell nuclei with nanoscale sensitivity (0.9 nm) (or nuclear nano-morphology) for “nano-pathological diagnosis” of cancer. SL-QPM uses original, unmodified cytology and histology specimens prepared with standard clinical protocols and stains. SL-QPM can easily integrate in existing clinical pathology laboratories. Results quantified the spatial distribution of optical path length or refractive index in individual nuclei with nanoscale sensitivity, which could be applied to studying nuclear nano-morphology as cancer progresses. The nuclear nano-morphology derived from SL-QPM offers significant diagnostic value in clinical care and subcellular mechanistic insights for basic and translational research. Techniques that provide for depth selective investigation of nuclear and other cellular features are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the discovery that, in human cancer, an 11q deletion of ATM together with an increase in ATR and CHEK1 expression correlates with resistance to ionizing radiation which could be overcome by inhibition of the ATR/CHEK1 pathway. It provides for methods of identifying patients unlikely to exhibit an adequate response to radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy who may benefit from ATR/CHEK1 pathway inhibition, as well as methods of treating said patients.