Abstract: The invention relates to composite adsorbent materials, and in particular, to highly porous carbon-based composite materials for the adsorption and stabilization of inorganic substances. The composite adsorbent material comprises a porous carbon carrier matrix and an adsorbent species, wherein the adsorbent species is precipitated within the pores of the carrier matrix. The invention extends to various uses of such adsorbent materials, for example in water purification, recovery of metals from waste streams and remediation applications, and where the adsorbant material is amended into soil, waste etc. for the purpose of breaking pollutant-receptor linkages.

Abstract: A computer-based detection tool for detecting whether content within a given document is common to content within a plurality of other, existing documents, the detection tool comprising: a character string recognizer for recognizing character strings in the content of the given document; a character string distinguisher for distinguishing main character strings and auxiliary character strings in the recognized character strings by reference to a closed list of main character strings; an encoder for encoding the content of the given document by assigning one or more digits to each main character string and one or more digits to auxiliary character strings; and a matcher for matching a plurality of n-digit streams from within the encoded content with any corresponding n-digit streams within previously-encoded content of the one or more other documents. The character strings may be encoded as a bit-stream.

Abstract: Described are bladder cancer specific biomarkers and lung cancer specific biomarkers comprising the nucleic acid sequence of the Engrailed-2 (EN2) gene or the amino acid sequence of the encoded EN2 protein. Also described are uses of the biomarkers in the treatment, diagnosis, monitoring and imaging of bladder cancer and lung cancer.

Abstract: A method of separating a mixture of acoustic signals from a plurality of sources comprises: providing pressure signals indicative of time-varying acoustic pressure in the mixture; defining a series of time windows; and for each time window: a) providing from the pressure signals a series of sample values of measured directional pressure gradient; b) identifying different frequency components of the pressure signals c) for each frequency component defining an associated direction; and d) from the frequency components and their associated directions generating a separated signal for one of the sources.

Abstract: A method of manufacture of an optoelectronic device includes the steps of: providing or forming a body of crystalline silicon containing substitutional carbon atoms, and irradiating said body of crystalline silicon with protons (H+) to create radiative defect centers in a photoactive region of the device, wherein at least some of said defect centers are G-center complexes having the form Cs—SiI—Cs, where Cs is a substitutional carbon atom and S¾ is an interstitial silicon atom. An optoelectronic device (FIG. 3) manufactured using the method is described.

Abstract: Optoelectronic devices have a photoactive region containing semiconductor material doped with ions of a rare earth element. Characteristic transitions associated with internal energy states of the rare earth dopant ions are modified by direct interaction of those states with an energy state in the semiconductor band structure. Eu+ and Yb+ doped silicon LEDs and photodetectors are described. The LEDs are emissive of radiation in the wavelength range 1300 nm to 1600 nm, important in optical communications.

Abstract: A real-time method for controlling a system, the system including a plurality of controlling means each having at least one variable parameter (q) and a controlled element having a trajectory which is controlled by the controlling means, wherein the trajectory is related to the variable parameters by a variable matrix, the method comprising defining a control transfer matrix (K) relating the variable parameters dq to the trajectory dx, and using a feedback loop in which a feedback term is computed that is dependent on an error (e) which is the difference between the desired trajectory (dxd) which can have an arbitrary dimension specified as (m) and a current trajectory (dx).

Abstract: Binary Offset Carrier (BOC) is the agreed modulation for signals of next generation Global Navigation satellite systems (GNSS). Compared to current phase shift keying (PSK) modulation by a code, there is a further modulation by a sub-carrier. There is a known major difficulty with BOC called ‘false lock’ where early/late gates settle on the wrong peak of the multi-peaked correlation function. This invention eliminates the problem by eliminating that correlation. Instead, a two dimensional correlation is tracked independently to realize a dual estimate. An unambiguous lower accuracy estimate derived from the code phase is used to make an integer correction to a higher accuracy but ambiguous independent estimate based on the sub-carrier phase. The actual receiver may adopt a triple loop, instead of the usual double loop, where carrier phase, sub-carrier phase and code phase are tracked independently but interactively.

Abstract: The invention relates to composite adsorbent materials, and in particular, to highly porous carbon-based composite materials for the adsorption and stabilisation of inorganic substances. The composite adsorbent material comprises a porous carbon carrier matrix and an adsorbent species, wherein the adsorbent species is precipitated within the pores of the carrier matrix. The invention extends to various uses of such adsorbent materials, for example in water purification, recovery of metals from waste streams and remediation applications, and where the adsorbant material is amended into soil, waste etc. for the purpose of breaking pollutant-receptor linkages.

Abstract: Optoelectronic devices have a photoactive region containing semiconductor material doped with ions of a rare earth element. Characteristic transitions associated with internal energy states of the rare earth dopant ions are modified by direct interaction of those states with an energy state in the semiconductor band structure. Eu+ and Yb+ doped silicon LEDs and photodetectors are described. The LEDs are emissive of radiation in the wavelength range 1300 nm to 1600 nm, important in optical communications.

Abstract: A device for dielectrophoretic manipulation of suspended particulate matter comprises an analysis electrode and a separate cover electrode wherein the analysis electrode comprises an electrically conductive layer of material provided on a substrate support and apertures are defined through the electrically conductive layer. The device can be used for detection, analysis, fractionation, concentration or separation of particulate matter.

Abstract: A receiver for receiving a navigation signal comprising a carrier modulated by a code modulation function of a given code rate and further modulated by a composite sub-carrier modulation function having first and second components with two different rates both of which arc different to the code rate, the receiver comprising processing means arranged to: generate a first estimate of delay based on the code modulation only; generate a second estimate of delay based on the first component of the sub-carrier modulation only; and generate a third estimate of delay based on the second component of the sub-carrier modulation only; and determine a further delay estimate from the first second and third delay estimates.

Abstract: Provided is a biomarker for detecting cancer, in particular prostate cancer in a male subject, the biomarker comprising at least one homeodomain containing transcription factor, such as a HOX peptide or EN-2 peptide, or a fragment thereof. The use of said biomarker in detecting and/or treating prostate cancer is provided, together with methods and kits therefor.

Abstract: Described are isolated peptides (GLGGGDLSV, SLNESQIKI, LMLPAVLQA and FTAEQLQRL) derived from portions of the Engrailed-2 (EN2) protein. Also described is their use in therapy, in particular in relation to the prevention and treatment of cancer.

Abstract: A three-dimensional milling method and apparatus is disclosed for milling micrometre and a nanometre scale three-dimensional structures. The apparatus includes an ion column operable to generate a milling beam onto a substrate held on an instrument stage. A patterning computer is operable to control the ion column to generate varying ion beam and/or dwell times or to produce a plurality of milling passes, in which subsequent passes overlap previous passes at least partially to create three-dimensional structures. Optionally, an SEM column may be provided.

Abstract: A real-time method for controlling a system, the system including a plurality of controlling means each having at least one variable parameter (q) and a controlled element having a trajectory which is controlled by the controlling means, wherein the trajectory is related to the variable parameters by a variable matrix, the method comprising defining a control transfer matrix (K) relating the variable parameters dq to the trajectory dx, and using a feedback loop in which a feedback term is computed that is dependent on an error (e) which is the difference between the desired trajectory (dxd) which can have an arbitrary dimension specified as (m) and a current trajectory (dx).

Abstract: A device for dielectrophoretic manipulation of suspended particulate matter comprises an analysis electrode and a separate cover electrode wherein the analysis electrode comprises an electrically conductive layer of material provided on a substrate support and apertures are defined through the electrically conductive layer. The device can be used for detection, analysis, fractionation, concentration or separation of particulate matter.

Abstract: An optical coupler comprises an input waveguide, an intermediate waveguide, an output waveguide, a first grating situated between the input and intermediate waveguides, and a second grating situated between the intermediate and output waveguides such that, in use, light propagating in the input waveguide is coupled into the intermediate waveguide with the assistance of the first grating, and thence is coupled into the output waveguide with the assistance of the second grating. The coupler is a directional coupler, in particular a dual grating-assisted directional coupler, and may be used to couple light between an optical fibre and an integrated semiconductor device, or between dissimilar waveguides.

Abstract: In a collimator assembly for an X-ray imaging system comprising adjustable X-ray attenuating collimator vanes that define the area of a patient to be exposed to an X-ray beam, the collimator vanes (1, 2, 3, 4) are automatically driven under the control of an image processing apparatus to attenuate the X-ray beam to form exposure fields (5) of chosen shape.

Abstract: A surface-light-emitting device including a semiconductor substrate, and a laminar semiconductor structure consisting of a plurality of semiconductor layers formed by epitaxial growth on the semiconductor substrate, the laminar semiconductor structure including a light-generating layer, and two multi-film reflecting layers between which the light-generating layer is interposed and which constitute a light resonator for reflecting a light generated by the light-generating layer, the structure having a light-emitting surface at one of opposite ends thereof remote from the substrate, so that the light generated by the light-generating layer is emitted from the light-emitting surface, wherein the two multi-film reflecting layers consist of a first multi-film reflecting layer formed principally of AlGaInP on the substrate, and a second multi-film reflecting layer formed principally of AlGaAs on one of opposite sides of the light-generating layer which is remote from the substrate.