Abstract: According to various aspects, exemplary embodiments are disclosed of chiller systems including thermoelectric modules, and corresponding control methods. In an exemplary embodiment, a compressor chiller system generally includes a refrigerant loop having a refrigerant fluid, a compressor connected in the refrigerant loop to compress the refrigerant fluid, and a condenser connected in the refrigerant loop to receive the compressed refrigerant fluid from the compressor and to condense the compressed refrigerant fluid. The system also includes a heat transfer component connected in the refrigerant loop to receive the condensed refrigerant fluid from the condenser, and a coolant loop having a coolant fluid. The heat transfer component is connected in the coolant loop to transfer heat from the coolant fluid to the condensed refrigerant fluid. The system further includes a thermoelectric module connected in the coolant loop. The thermoelectric module is adapted to transfer heat into and/or out of the coolant fluid.

Abstract: A refrigeration system includes a compressor, a condenser, a heat transfer component, and a refrigerant loop arranged to allow a flow of a refrigerant fluid. The compressor, the condenser, and the heat transfer component are connected in the refrigerant loop. The system further includes a bypass path extending between an output side of the compressor in the refrigerant loop and an input side of the heat transfer component in the refrigerant loop. A bypass valve is connected in the bypass path. A control circuit is in communication with the bypass valve. The control circuit is configured to open the bypass valve to allow the refrigerant fluid to pass to the heat transfer component thereby increasing the refrigerant fluid provided to the heat transfer component and artificially increasing a load on the refrigeration system. Other examples refrigeration system and examples methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: According to various aspects, exemplary embodiments are disclosed of chiller systems including thermoelectric modules, and corresponding control methods. In an exemplary embodiment, a compressor chiller system generally includes a refrigerant loop having a refrigerant fluid, a compressor connected in the refrigerant loop to compress the refrigerant fluid, and a condenser connected in the refrigerant loop to receive the compressed refrigerant fluid from the compressor and to condense the compressed refrigerant fluid. The system also includes a heat transfer component connected in the refrigerant loop to receive the condensed refrigerant fluid from the condenser, and a coolant loop having a coolant fluid. The heat transfer component is connected in the coolant loop to transfer heat from the coolant fluid to the condensed refrigerant fluid. The system further includes a thermoelectric module connected in the coolant loop. The thermoelectric module is adapted to transfer heat into and/or out of the coolant fluid.

Abstract: A thermoelectric heating/cooling device may include first and second thermally conductive headers. A plurality of thermoelectric elements thermally may be coupled in parallel between the first and second thermally conductive headers. In addition, a resistive heating element may be provided on the second header, and the second header may be between the resistive heating element and the plurality of thermoelectric elements.

Abstract: A high dew point humidity sensor includes an enclosure assembly, an ambient temperature sensor, air sample intake and exhaust openings, a fluid-moving device, a heater block assembly, an internal temperature sensor, a humidity sensor chip, and a controller. The controller is configured to: (i) collect a measured ambient temperature from the ambient temperature sensor; (ii) collect a measured humidity of sample air from the humidity sensor chip; (iii) collect a measured temperature from the internal temperature sensor; and (iv) control operation of the heater block assembly based, at least in part, on the measured ambient temperature and the measured temperature from the internal temperature sensor.

Abstract: An oven configured for drying a container. The oven includes a housing defining an interior space including a supply chamber and a return chamber. A conveyor is configured for movement within a portion of the interior space of the housing defined by a plurality of semi-circular shaped duct sections connected at each end of the semi-circular shaped duct sections to a straight duct section. Each duct section includes two side walls coupled to a back wall defining a continuous U-shaped duct path through which the conveyor moves. The oven is further configured to provide a temperature difference between any two points within the interior space of the oven housing controlled to plus or minus two degrees Fahrenheit, by a uniform air flow throughout the oven. The uniform air flow is facilitated by the sizing and spacing of various circular orifices and slotted orifices in the continuous duct path.

Abstract: A header for a heat exchanger having spaced manifolds and tubes extending between the manifolds is disclosed. The header plate comprises a header plate forming a portion of the manifold and having an outward surface for orienting away from the interior of the manifold. At least one opening is formed in the header plate, and is elongated with a longitudinal axis and opposite ends. The at least one opening has a perimeter with sides and ends. A ferrule extends from the outward surface of the header plate along portions of the perimeter of the opening. The ferrule includes at least two ferrule portions formed along portions of the perimeter of the opening. The ferrule is absent from portions of the perimeter of the opening between the portions of the perimeter having the ferrule portions formed thereon.

Abstract: A centralized heat exchange system for controlling a plurality of heat exchangers in heat pump cycle includes a plurality of heat exchanging units; a compressor; a network of refrigerant piping connected to each of the plurality of heat exchanging units and the compressor; and a controller configured to receive signals from sensors to monitor temperature or the like of spaces/compartments to be controlled. The controller controls the compressor and a reversing valve and expansion valves installed in the network of refrigerant piping to establish, in the network of refrigerant piping, one or more of a heat-pump loop that constitutes a vapor-compression cycle through an arrangement of a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, and an evaporator in accordance with a preset or user settable priority scheme that assigns at least one of the controlled spaces/compartments higher priority in control than the others.

Abstract: A thermal storage and transfer method for use in both indirect and direct heating solar power plants that involves the use of nitrogen gas as a thermal storage medium for heat transfer in circumstances where little or no solar radiation is available to produce the thermal energy needed to convert water into steam and generate electricity.

Abstract: Steam power plants utilize high pressure and low pressure feedwater heaters to increase overall system efficiency. Both types of feedwater heaters generally include a subcooling zone that is separate from a condensing zone. The viability of the separation of the zones is critical to the efficiency of the overall system, specifically with regard to the inefficiencies inherent in the leakage of steam from the condensing zone into the subcooling zone. An improvement in the viability of that zone separation for such feedwater heaters is taught by the use of dual end plates for the subcooling zone to create a triple layer of separation between the condensing and subcooling zones to prevent unwanted and inefficient steam leakage.

Abstract: A heat exchanger has first and second sides and comprises a pair of tanks, with each of the tanks defining an interior and including a header. A plurality of openings is formed in the header; The heat exchanger comprises a plurality of tubes extending between the openings in the tanks, with each of the tubes having opposite end portions joined to the tanks to fluidly connect the interiors of the tanks through interiors of the tubes. The heat exchanger comprises at least one reinforcement ribbon element extending across a juncture between the header and the plurality of tubes to reinforce a connection between the header and the plurality of tubes.

Abstract: An apparatus for cooling single and multiple high-flux and ultra-high-flux heat dissipating devices, comprising a liquid coolant module having a base plate and a cover plate defining therebetween a liquid coolant chamber with a liquid coolant inlet port and a liquid coolant outlet port in fluid communication with the liquid coolant chamber; at least one heat dissipating device mounted to the liquid coolant module; a multi-level-cooling-enhancement stud mounted upon each heat dissipating device and disposed within the liquid coolant module; and apparatus for inducing phase change nucleate boiling of a subcooled liquid coolant within the liquid coolant module to enhance its cooling performance.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to heat exchangers for process tools and, in particular, to semiconductor process tools incorporating heat exchangers. In one embodiment, the present invention is directed to a semiconductor process tool heat exchange system. The system includes a heat exchange system and a semiconductor process tool comprising an inlet and an outlet defining a flow path. The heat exchange system includes a compressor fluidly connected to the outlet, a condenser fluidly connected to the compressor and to the inlet, an expander positioned between the condenser and the outlet, and a heat exchange fluid. Examples of process tools suitable for use in this system include cathodes, cold plates, thermal chucks, and the like. In another embodiment, the present invention is directed to a method of exchanging heat in a semiconductor process tool.

Abstract: A support means or pad which is adapted to overlie an area to be thermally regulated. A plurality of microcapsules are dispersed within the support pad. The support means may be a porous pad or overlying layers of a mesh-type fabric. The fabric sheets include a series of channels which may be zig-zag in shape and are filled with a temperature stabilizing means, for example, a macroencapsulated phase change material. Suitable phase change materials are paraffinic hydrocarbons and water. In another aspect of the invention, the temperature stabilizing means is distributed within the support means in proportion to the underlying thermal load.

Abstract: A mycoherbicide is adapted to be sprayed in solution on to an agricultural property such as seeds, germinating seeds, seedlings or plants and comprises a moisturizer such as water which is microencapsulated for time release on to the surface of agricultural property. In a further embodiment of the invention, a microencapsulated phase change material is also added to the solution to control the temperature on the surface of the agricultural property. A sticker is employed to enhance retention of the microcapsules on the agricultural property. The solution operates to control the microclimate on the surface of the agricultural property in order to enhance the effectiveness of the mycoherbicide fungi or bacteria on the host or to provide frost/freeze protection at low temperatures.

Abstract: A heater for the rapid heating of water includes a main body having plural vertical upwardly opening chambers, combined with a molded cover plate that can be removably installed over the upper part of the main body. A plurality of combination heating and chamber partition assemblies extend downwardly from the bottom surface of the installed cover plate and one each of the assemblies resides in a main body chamber, each assembly including a generally flat and vertically elongated partition member and a pair of heating coils mounted to each partition member, one each coil on opposite sides of the partition member, and each partition member cooperates with a chamber to form a first channel for conducting water downwardly and a second channel for conducting water upwardly.

Abstract: An internal burner combusting an oxy-fuel or air-fuel mixture, or a plasma heat source providing a supersonic flame jet which when expanded to atmospheric or lower pressure is characterized by a static temperature well above the melting point of a material in particle form being sprayed by the flame jet and the step of reducing the flame jet temperature after reaching supersonic velocity to a temperature below the melting point of the material prior to feeding of the material particles into the flame jet. The jet temperature reduction may be effected by injecting directly into the flame jet stream an amount of liquid or gas fluid which will reduce the flame jet temperature by the required amount. Alternatively, the supersonic flame jet may be passed through a concentric heat exchanger bearing a coolant medium such as water to absorb the necessary amount of heat from the flame jet to reduce the flame jet temperature to below the melting point of the material.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling zebra mussels in the inlet cell of a utility power plant by isolating a batch of water in the cell from the water supply of a lake or river and the equipment plant by shutting an inlet gate and shutting outlet valves from said cell. The batch of isolated water is thereafter heated to a lethal temperature which is maintained for a sufficient period of time to ensure 100 percent mortality to the zebra mussels within the cell. The water may be maintained in a static condition and heated by a heat exchanger disposed within the cell. Alternatively the water may be fed to a heat exchanger, heated outside the cell, and returned to the cell. The water is heated to a range of approximately 95.degree. F. to 100.degree. F. and held at the heated temperature within the cell for approximately 30 minutes.

Abstract: A chill water system combining a storage vessel 10, a multiplicity of ice encapsulating units 11 contained in the vessel and a chiller system 60. The vessel contains a volume of glycol and water solution having a freezing point about twenty six degrees F. The ice encapsulating units 11 comprise sealed containers filled with deionized water and having a volume 131 of powdered cholesterol therein to serve as an ice nucleating agent to lower the initial ice formation temperature of the unit. The containers have imperfect geometric deformable wall structures to permit an increase in enclosed volume as said water therein freezes. Chiller system 60 is operatively associated with the vessel and cools the glycol and water solution to about twenty six degrees to freeze the water in the containers 11. A topping tank 90 and an inventory tank 93 receive liquid from the storage vessel 10 as the ice encapsulating units 11 freeze and expand in volume.

Abstract: A chill water system combining a storage vessel 10, a multiplicity of ice encapsulating units 11 contained in the vessel and a chiller system 60. The storage vessel contains a volume or glycol and water solution having a freezing point of about twenty six degrees F. The ice encapsulating units 11 comprise sealed containers filled with a deionized water. The containers have imperfect geometric shape and deformable wall structures to permit an increasee in enclosed volume as said water therein freezes. Chiller system 60 is operatively associated with the vessel and cools the glycol and water solution to about twenty six degrees to freeze the water in the containers 11. A topping tank 90 and an inventory tank 93 receive liquid from the storage vessel 10 as the ice encapsulating units 11 freeze and expand in volume.