Abstract: A heat-dissipating substrate structure with built-in conductive circuits is provided. The heat-dissipating substrate structure includes an electrically insulating layer, a first metal layer, a second metal layer, and a heat-dissipating layer. The first metal layer and the second metal layer are disposed on the heat-dissipating layer at an interval. The electrically insulating layer encloses and is in contact with side walls of the first metal layer and side walls of the second metal layer, such that a top wall of the first metal layer and a top wall of the second metal layer are exposed from the electrically insulating layer, and at least one of the conductive circuits extends through at least one of the side wall of the first metal layer and the side wall of the second metal layer and is embedded in the electrically insulating layer.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and systems are disclosed for flexible thermal ground planes. A flexible thermal ground plane may include a support member. The flexible thermal ground plane may include an evaporator region or multiple evaporator regions configured to couple with the support member. The flexible thermal ground plane may include a condenser region or multiple condenser regions configured to couple with the support member. The evaporator and condenser region may include a microwicking structure. The evaporator and condenser region may include a nanowicking structure coupled with the micro-wicking structure, where the nanowicking structure includes nanorods. The evaporator and condenser region may include a nanomesh coupled with the nanorods and/or the microwicking structure. Some embodiments may include a micromesh coupled with the nanorods and/or the microwicking structure.

Abstract: A metal circuit on a polymer composite substrate surface and a method for manufacturing the same are provided. The metal circuit on the polymer composite substrate surface includes a polymer composite layer and a metal circuit layer. The metal circuit layer is formed from a metal piece molded by metal processing, and is integrated onto a surface of the polymer composite layer. The metal circuit layer has one or a plurality of circuit grooves formed therein, the polymer composite layer has one or a plurality of bulges formed therein, and the bulge is deformed and bulged at the corresponding circuit groove.

Abstract: An IGBT module with a heat dissipation structure and a method for manufacturing the same are provided. The IGBT module with a heat dissipation structure includes a layer of IGBT chips, a bonding layer, a thick copper layer, a thermally-conductive and electrically-insulating layer, and a heat dissipation layer. A portion of the thermally-conductive and electrically-insulating layer is made of a polymer composite material, and a remaining portion of the thermally-conductive and electrically-insulating layer is made of a ceramic material. The thick copper layer is bonded onto the thermally-conductive and electrically-insulating layer by hot pressing. A fillet is formed at a bottom edge of the thick copper layer, and the bottom edge of the thick copper layer is embedded into the thermally-conductive and electrically-insulating layer.

Abstract: An IGBT module with a heat dissipation structure includes a first layer of chips, a second layer of chips, a first bonding layer, a second bonding layer, a first copper layer, a second copper layer, a first polymer composite layer, a second polymer composite layer, a first ceramic layer, a second ceramic layer, and a heat dissipation layer. The first ceramic layer is partially formed on the heat dissipation layer and corresponds in position and in area to the first layer of chips, and the second ceramic layer is partially formed on the heat dissipation layer and corresponds in position and in area to the second layer of chips.

Abstract: An IGBT module with a heat dissipation structure includes a first layer of chips, a second layer of chips, a first bonding layer, a second bonding layer, a first copper layer, a second copper layer, a thermally-conductive and electrically-insulating layer, and a heat dissipation layer. The first copper layer and the second copper layer are disposed on the thermally-conductive and electrically-insulating layer at intervals. The first layer of chips and the second layer of chips are disposed on the first bonding layer and the second bonding layer, respectively. The number of chips of the first layer of chips is larger than that of the second layer of chips such that the first copper layer has a greater thickness than the second copper layer.

Abstract: An IGBT module with an improved heat dissipation structure includes a layer of IGBT chips, a bonding layer, a thick copper layer, a polymer composite layer, a thermal spray layer, and a heat dissipation layer. The thermal spray layer is disposed on the heat dissipation layer. The polymer composite layer is disposed on the thermal spray layer. The thick copper layer is disposed on the polymer composite layer. The bonding layer is disposed on the thick copper layer. The layer of IGBT chips is disposed on the bonding layer.

Abstract: A thermal ground plane with hybrid structures that include nanowires is disclosed. The thermal ground plane includes a first casing having an exterior surface and an interior surface, the interior surface includes plurality of microstructures with a plurality of nanowires; a second casing, wherein the first casing and the second casing are sealed to an interior space that includes a working fluid; and a wicking layer disposed within the interior space.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and systems are disclosed for flexible thermal ground planes. A flexible thermal ground plane may include a support member. The flexible thermal ground plane may include an evaporator region or multiple evaporator regions configured to couple with the support member. The flexible thermal ground plane may include a condenser region or multiple condenser regions configured to couple with the support member. The evaporator and condenser region may include a microwicking structure. The evaporator and condenser region may include a nanowicking structure coupled with the micro-wicking structure, where the nanowicking structure includes nanorods. The evaporator and condenser region may include a nanomesh coupled with the nanorods and/or the microwicking structure. Some embodiments may include a micromesh coupled with the nanorods and/or the microwicking structure.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and systems are disclosed for flexible thermal ground planes. A flexible thermal ground plane may include a support member. The flexible thermal ground plane may include an evaporator region or multiple evaporator regions configured to couple with the support member. The flexible thermal ground plane may include a condenser region or multiple condenser regions configured to couple with the support member. The evaporator and condenser region may include a microwicking structure. The evaporator and condenser region may include a nanowicking structure coupled with the micro-wicking structure, where the nanowicking structure includes nanorods. The evaporator and condenser region may include a nanomesh coupled with the nanorods and/or the microwicking structure. Some embodiments may include a micromesh coupled with the nanorods and/or the microwicking structure.

Abstract: An IGBT heat dissipation structure includes a layer of IGBT chips, a bonding layer, a cold spray layer, a thermal spray layer, and a heat dissipation layer. The thermal spray layer is disposed on top of the heat dissipation layer. The cold spray layer is disposed on top of the thermal spray layer. The bonding layer is disposed on top of the cold spray layer, and the layer of IGBT chips is disposed on top of the bonding layer.

Abstract: A heat dissipation structure for a semiconductor integrated circuit die having a plurality of connection areas may include a thermal mount comprising a plurality of pillars each having an aspect ratio preferable greater than 2:1 and each positioned to connect to one of the connection areas on a peripheral portion of the semiconductor integrated circuit die with one of a plurality of interface layers. A thermal conductivity of materials for the connection areas, the thermal mount, the pillars, each of which is preferably copper, and the interface layers, which are preferably copper nanoparticle layers, has a thermal conductivity greater than 100 Watts per meter degree Kelvin (W/m·K). Flexure of the pillars accommodates mechanical strain arising from temperature changes and differences in coefficients of thermal expansion for materials of the semiconductor integrated circuit die and the thermal mount.

Abstract: A unitary multilumen cranial bolt for use in multimodal monitoring of a plurality of physiological parameters in brain tissue incorporates a plurality of lumens, each lumen directing a catheter borne sensor through a bore hole in the cranium and into brain tissue of a patient. The lumens are configured to cause the catheters to splay outward as they enter the cranial cavity and reach their intended depth of penetration. Each lumen is associated with a guide. The guides are adapted for use with introducers that enable fragile and/or flexible sensors to be introduced into brain tissue. Each catheter borne sensor can be positioned and repositioned within brain tissue independently of all other sensors.

Abstract: An integrated fuel combustion system with gas separation (adsorptive, absorptive, membrane or other suitable gas separation) separates a portion of carbon dioxide from a combustion gas mixture and provides for recycle of separated carbon dioxide to the intake of a fuel combustor for combustion.

Abstract: An edema monitor uses patient-specific measurements of tissue conductivity and tissue perfusion and an empirically developed perfusion coefficient of thermal conductivity to obtain tissue intravascular water and tissue extravacular water components of tissue total water. Edema is an excess of tissue extravacular water. A value for edema is obtained by deducting from the obtained value for tissue extravacular water a normal value for tissue extravacular water.

Abstract: A heat dissipating device includes a thermal conductive substance, a plurality of heat-radiating protrusions and a plurality of turbulence-generating structures. The thermal conductive substance has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface. The heat-radiating protrusions are integrally formed with the thermal conductive substance on the first surface. At least one of the turbulence-generating structures is formed on the first surface of the thermal conductive substance in concaved manner, and arranged around a bottom periphery of the heat-radiating protrusions, so as to obstruct a development of a boundary layer around the bottom of the heat-radiating protrusions.

Abstract: A unitary multilumen cranial bolt for use in multimodal monitoring of a plurality of physiological parameters in brain tissue incorporates a plurality of lumens, each lumen directing a catheter borne sensor through a bore hole in the cranium and into brain tissue of a patient. The lumens are configured to cause the catheters to splay outward as they enter the cranial cavity and reach their intended depth of penetration. Each lumen is associated with a guide. The guides are adapted for use with introducers that enable fragile and/or flexible sensors to be introduced into brain tissue. Each catheter borne sensor can be positioned and repositioned within brain tissue independently of all other sensors.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate to the concept and designs of a polymer-based thermal ground plane. In accordance with one embodiment, a polymer is utilized as the material to fabricate the thermal ground plane. Other embodiments include am optimized wicking structure design utilizing two arrays of micropillars, use of lithography-based microfabrication of the TGP using copper/polymer processing, micro-posts, throttled releasing holes embedded in the micro-posts, atomic layer deposition (ALD) hydrophilic coating, throttled fluid charging structure and sealing method, defect-free ALD hermetic coating, and compliant structural design.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and systems are disclosed for flexible thermal ground planes. A flexible thermal ground plane may include a support member. The flexible thermal ground plane may include an evaporator region or multiple evaporator regions configured to couple with the support member. The flexible thermal ground plane may include a condenser region or multiple condenser regions configured to couple with the support member. The evaporator and condenser region may include a microwicking structure. The evaporator and condenser region may include a nanowicking structure coupled with the micro-wicking structure, where the nanowicking structure includes nanorods. The evaporator and condenser region may include a nanomesh coupled with the nanorods and/or the microwicking structure. Some embodiments may include a micromesh coupled with the nanorods and/or the microwicking structure.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and systems are disclosed for flexible thermal ground planes. A flexible thermal ground plane may include a support member. The flexible thermal ground plane may include an evaporator region or multiple evaporator regions configured to couple with the support member. The flexible thermal ground plane may include a condenser region or multiple condenser regions configured to couple with the support member. The evaporator and condenser region may include a microwicking structure. The evaporator and condenser region may include a nanowicking structure coupled with the micro-wicking structure, where the nanowicking structure includes nanorods. The evaporator and condenser region may include a nanomesh coupled with the nanorods and/or the microwicking structure. Some embodiments may include a micromesh coupled with the nanorods and/or the microwicking structure.