Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the disposal and utilisation of waste materials of all types, in which the waste materials are compressed in batches to form compact packets and pass through temperature treatment zones, synthesis gas being produced, and the synthesis gas is converted in a subsequent reaction into hydrocarbon molecules for the production of fuel.

Abstract: In a washer for cleaning gases that contain particulate and/or gaseous impurities, the gases are conveyed through an absorption column that is sprayed with washing fluid. An additionally provided jet pump (7) operates with the washing fluid, wherein said jet pump is arranged in the gas flow serially with the absorption column and generates a negative pressure. The jet pump is preferably arranged in the gas flow upstream of the absorption column. The negative pressure generated in the gas flow by the jet pump should be at least so high that it compensates the pressure loss in the absorption column.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the storage of heterogeneous wastes in holding or supply dumps, such as rubbish bunkers or suitable rubbish containers, prior to its removal and subsequent thermal utilization or some other processing technique. By introducing a variable flow of inert gas consisting essentially of nitrogen and carbon dioxide into the rubbish bunker, fires and gas explosions are practically excluded, aerobic decomposition processes are suppressed, and anaerobic decomposition is retarded. Using a variable flow of inert gas also prevents the further formation of dioxins and furans in a subsequent thermal utilization, as well as reliably preventing vermin from attacking the rubbish. By avoiding or at least significantly reducing these disturbances in the bunker zone, disposal safety is significantly increased.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device, and a process for its charging, for carrying out high-temperature recycling for heterogeneously occurring waste in compact packages. The compact packages are introduced into a heated channel for evaporation of liquids and slightly fluid materials as well as to partly decompose them. The invention is characterized by a temperature insulating mouthpiece interconnecting the reactor and the channel for limiting the conduction of heat from the reactor to the channel. Accordingly, packages may be serially forced through the channel and into the reactor while maintaining the packages in sealing engagement with the channel to prevent reduction in the predetermined cross section in response to high temperatures transmitted from the reactor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and the devices for emission-free total material utilisation of all the ingredients of community or industrial wastes of all types by gasification at high temperatures and processing of the resulting synthesis raw gas, whereby by fractional conversion of all the main ingredients such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, and also the ingredients water, heavy metals, sulphur, chlorine and sodium may be supplied for re-use as a raw material.

Abstract: A process for the discharge of melted liquid material, heated to a high temperature, which occurs during the thermal treatment of waste by direct melting or the melting down of residues. The liquid melted phases are sprayed into a jet of cooling agent with a high rate of flow and cooled until they solidify and are then passed into a water bath as a granulate. The temperature of the water bath is stabilized by the circulation of liquid, the residual heat given off, the result of further cooling of the granulate, being recovered.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of operating a high-temperature reactor for treating heterogeneous waste materials, in which the waste materials are introduced via an intake point into the reactor and form beneath the intake point a loose-piled gasification bed, in which the inorganic or organic components are subjected to fusion or gasification and homogenisation by oxygen and above the intake point the gaseous gasification products are subjected to high-temperature treatment with added oxygen in order to form and stabilise synthesis gas, water-cooled oxygen lances being used for high-temperature treatment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a multi-washer, and to a method of cleaning synthesis gases obtained by the gasification of wastes of the most varied composition. Such multi-washers are used to remove lumpy and adhesive materials from the synthesis gas, such as carbon particles and sulphur. According to the present invention, a horizontal container (1) is sub-divided by partition bulkheads (5) into a plurality of successive wash chambers (2,3,4), which are each provided with a sumpless outflow to a respective pump system (6,7,8). Disposed in each of the wash chambers (2,3,4) is a least one substance exchanger (9) in an oblique position, which is sprayed from both sides with varying quantities of wash liquid. The sprayed wash liquid penetrates into the substance exchangers (9) and, due to the varying quantity, is removed in an directed fashion. As the wash liquid also sprays the wall of the container (1), total self-cleaning of the multi-washer is ensured.

Abstract: A process for the high-temperature gasification of possibly thermally pretreated heterogeneous wastes, in which oxygen is injected into the gasification bed with the aid of water-cooled oxygen lances. The oxygen is heated by an independent pilot flame and accelerated to speeds approaching the speed of sound. Accordingly, the oxygen lances cannot be plugged by melted charge components not susceptible to gasification because the pilot flame is driven independently of the oxygen-lance flow. A pulsing, phase-shifted impact from several oxygen lances arranged in a ring produces a circulating flow of material in the gasification zone, compensating the heterogeneity of the charge in the case of a waste gasification.

Abstract: A method for processing hetrogeneous metal-containing deposits recovered from the cleaning of synthesis gas produced during the thermal treatment of wastes containing metals, including volatile metals, in equipment having a heating enclosure and a waste liquid container. The method comprises the steps of directing all of the liquids and residual solutions to the waste liquid container and directing all of the residual gases into the heating enclosure.

Abstract: A procedure for the recovery and/or cleaning of carbon formed as a result of thermal processes. This carbon is present with supernatant C in equilibrium with CO.sub.2 and CO (Boudouard equilibrium) after being transformed into CO.sub.2 with oxygen in a synthesis gas at an elevated temperature. In so doing, the synthesis gas is brought to a temperature higher than 800.degree. and then, using H.sub.2 O, abruptly cooled to a temperature less than 100.degree. C., the carbon-water-dispersion is also used as an adsorption agent and the contaminants and residue are bound together in the waste gases, the carbon-water-dispersion is concentrated, the carbon sludge forming at the elevated temperature, preferably greater than 1200.degree. C., is dried. During the drying process the contaminants or contaminant components are vaporized from the carbon sludge and then condensed and the dried carbon is returned to the initial combustion process.

Abstract: A process for eliminating organic pollutant residues in the synthesis gas occurring during refuse gasification by the addition of oxygen, in which at least prepyrolyzed, carbon-containing refuse in compressed form is fed into a high temperature reactor, where a loosely heaped gasification bed is formed and is burnt below the same by oxygen addition. The resulting synthesis gas is drawn off from the top area of the high temperature reactor after an adequate residence time and into the residence zone. Additional oxygen is then jetted in temperature-regulated, partial quantities in such a way that the resulting possible partial combustion of the synthesis gas maintains its temperature above the gasification bed constant at approximately 1000.degree. C. Oxygen jetting takes place in such a way that a completely homogeneous gas mixing is ensured in the top area. For this purpose, several oxygen jets are arranged in the top area of the high temperature reactor and are axially and/or radially inclined thereto.

Abstract: A process for destroying toxic substances is described by irreversible substance decomposition of chemically relatively stable molecular structures occurring during the heat treatment of organic refuse constituents and whilst using a high temperature reactor. For this purpose, the reactor burner zone is supplied with a toxic substance--molecular structure mixture mixed with additional combustible gases raising the flame temperature and which is in liquid and/or gaseous form, in addition to oxygen in stoichiometric excess. The reaction gas thermally split off in the oxygen burner is then kept for at least 5 seconds in a stabilizing area of the reactor kept at a temperature of at least 1400.degree. C. and subsequently is suddenly cooled from this temperature to at least 100.degree. C.