Abstract: A polyaxial locking cervical screw and plate assembly for immobilization of cervical bones, via fixation to surfaces thereof, including a plate, having a pair of elongated tapered holes in the top and bottom thereof, into which holes elongated coupling elements and screws may be inserted. Each coupling element has an equivalent taper which matches the taper of the holes in the plate, and an interior semi-spherical curvate surface in which the curvate head of the screw may be polyaxially mounted. The coupling elements are initially disposed in the holes in the plate such that they may slide axially therein. The bone screws are inserted through the respective coupling elements until the heads thereof enter the curvate volumes thereof. Once the head is fully seated in the coupling element, advancement of the screw causes the coupling element to crush lock to the plate and to the head of the screw.

Abstract: An orthopedic device including a longitudinal plate assembly having an adjustable length and two ends. Each of the ends includes a feature that can be used to couple the end to a body structure, such as, for example, a vertebral bone. Preferably, the assembly includes two longitudinal plates that can translate longitudinally with respect to one another through a plurality of positions and be secured with respect to one another at one of the positions, thereby enabling the length of the assembly to be adjusted. Inasmuch as the length of the plate assembly can be adjusted, the surgeon can set the length to the most clinically appropriate length for effective coupling of the plate assembly to the body structure.

Abstract: A rod bender includes a ram shaft, having a distal end with an arcuate rod contact surface, that is movable along a shaft path that passes between two rollers, each having a curved roller surface. Each of the rollers is positionable, in an analog manner, at a variety of positions along a respective roller path, relative to a distal position of the arcuate rod contact surface. A straight rod, positioned against the rollers so that it spans the space separating the rollers and crosses the shaft path, can be rammed with the ram shaft so that the rod is bent into an arc. The rod is bent as the movement of the ram shaft pushes the arcuate rod contact surface forward against the center of the rod, while the curved roller surfaces prevent corresponding forward movement of the lateral portions of the rod.

Abstract: An intervertebral spacer device having a pair of opposing plates for seating against opposing vertebral bone surfaces, separated by at least one force restoring element. The preferred force restoring mechanism is a spiral-shaped radially diminishing amplitude wave washer.

Abstract: An instrument for insertion, implanting, and removing a cylindrical inter vertebral spacer member having a deep circumferential groove, including: a shaft having a proximal end and a distal end, said proximal end forming a handle and the distal end forming a spacer member engaging subassembly; said spacer member engaging subassembly including at least one selectively expanding and contracting enclosure into which a central core of the spacer member may be introduced when the engaging subassembly is in the expanded state, and which holds the spacer member so that it cannot move when the selectively expanding and contracting enclosure is rendered into the contracted state; and an actuating mechanism, extending from the proximal end to the distal end, by which the spacer member engaging subassembly may be selectively expanded and contracted.

Abstract: An intervertebral spacer device having a pair of opposing plates for seating against opposing vertebral bone surfaces, separated by at least one force restoring element. The preferred force restoring mechanism is a wave washer. In a first embodiment the wave washer is ring-shaped. In a second embodiment the wave washer is spiral-shaped.

Abstract: A screw and coupling element assembly for use with an orthopedic rod implantation apparatus includes a screw that has a head and a shaft that extends from the head, a coupling element that has a seat within which the head can be seated such that the shaft protrudes from the coupling element, and a locking element that can be mated with the coupling element and that thereafter can be selectively moved through a plurality of positions including an unlocked position and a locked position. When the locking element is in the unlocked position, the locking element presents a rod-receiving channel and the head is movable in the seat such that the shaft can be directed in a plurality of angles relative to the coupling element. When the locking element is in the locked position, a rod disposed within the rod-receiving channel is fixed relative to the coupling element and the head is immovable in the seat such that the shaft is fixed at an angle relative to the coupling element.

Abstract: A surgical treatment for restoring a proper anatomical spacing and alignment to vertebral bones of a scoliosis patient including: determining an angular misalignment associated with at least one pair of adjacent vertebral bones; sequentially inserting and removing a series of progressively wider cylindrical spacer elements into the corresponding intervertebral space between the at least one pair of adjacent vertebral bones until the proper anatomical spacing between the pair of adjacent vertebral bones is restored; for each intervertebral space, inserting a diametrically tapered cylindrical spacer element into the intervertebral space between the corresponding pair of adjacent vertebral bones; and rotating the diametrically tapered cylindrical spacer element such that the rotational orientation of the tapered cylindrical spacer element introduces the appropriate counter offset to the intervertebral space of the previously misaligned scoliotic vertebral bones, thereby restoring the proper anatomical alignment

Abstract: An instrument for inserting an implant between vertebral bodies, including a holder adapted to hold the implant during insertion of the implant between the vertebral bodies, a retractor adapted to retract the holder away from the implant after the insertion, and a guard adapted to prevent the implant from being removed from between the vertebral bodies during the retraction.

Abstract: A surgical treatment for distracting vertebral bodies to their proper anatomical spacing including sequentially inserting and removing a series of progressively wider cylindrical spacer elements into the intervertebral space between adjacent vertebral bones until the distance between the vertebral bones is anatomically appropriate.

Abstract: An instrument for inserting and removing an intervertebral spacer into and out from an intervertebral space between adjacent vertebral bones, the spacer having a trunk portion having a longitudinal axis and flange portions at each longitudinal end of the trunk, the instrument including: a shaft having a proximal end and a distal end; the proximal end including a handle; and a holding structure provided at the distal end, which holding structure includes an enclosure within which the trunk of the spacer may be selectively introduced and maintained therein, the holding structure having an opening leading to the enclosure and through which opening the trunk of the spacer may be selectively passed to when forced therethrough.

Abstract: An orthopedic device including a longitudinal plate assembly having an adjustable length and two ends. Each of the ends includes a feature that can be used to couple the end to a body structure, such as, for example, a vertebral bone. Preferably, the assembly includes two longitudinal plates that can translate longitudinally with respect to one another through a plurality of positions and be secured with respect to one another at one of the positions, thereby enabling the length of the assembly to be adjusted. Inasmuch as the length of the plate assembly can be adjusted, the surgeon can set the length to the most clinically appropriate length for effective coupling of the plate assembly to the body structure.

Abstract: An intervertebral spacer device having a pair of opposing plates for seating against opposing vertebral bone surfaces, separated by at least one spring mechanism. The preferred spring mechanism is a belleville washer. In a first embodiment there are two belleville washers which are oriented in opposite directions such that the narrow ends thereof are in contact with each other and the wider ends are in contact with the respective end plates. In a second embodiment there is a single belleville washer which is modified to mount onto a ball-shaped head. The lower plate of this embodiment includes a post extending upwardly from the inner surface of the plate, the post including a ball-shaped head. The modified belleville washer is lockably mounted to the head such that the wider portion of the washer seats against the upper plate.

Abstract: A rod, screw, and staple assembly for use in conjunction with anterior or lateral spinal rod implant apparatus includes a vertebral body screw which has a shaft which is insertable into a vertebral bone, a tapered neck, and a head portion which includes a rod receiving channel and an annular recess. The vertebral body staple includes a flat portion which has a hole through it. The hole has a slotted rim which is downwardly sloped so that it may permit the expansion of the hole when a force is applied to it. The screw is advanced into the hole in the staple until the tapered neck thereof snaps through the hole and the rim seats in the annular recess of the screw. This permits the screw and staple to rotate relative to one another, but not to translate axially relative to one another. The staple also includes several barbs which independently hold the staple to the bone surface to which it is to be affixed.

Abstract: A rod, screw, and staple assembly for use in conjunction with anterior or lateral spinal rod implant apparatus includes a screw having a vertebral body screw which has a shaft which is insertable into a vertebral bone and a head portion which includes a rod receiving channel and a radially extending flange. The vertebral body staple includes a flat portion which has a hole through it. The hole has a rim which is upwardly extending and a concave recess formed in the underside of the flat portion around the hole. The staple also includes several barbs which independently hold the staple to the bone surface to which it is to be affixed. The screw is first inserted into the vertebral bone, and then the staple is mounted over the head portion of the screw, such that the head extends above the annular rim. The rod is then inserted into the rod receiving channel and seats against the uppermost surface of the annular rim.

Abstract: A rod, screw, rod receiving member, and staple assembly for use in conjunction with anterior or lateral spinal rod implant apparatus includes a vertebral body screw, staple, and rod receiving member which are initially loosely coupled together such that they may each rotate about a common axis. They are held together by virtue of the head of the screw being held within a tapered axial bore of the rod receiving member and the staple being loosely mounted around the rod receiving member. The lower portion of the rod coupling member is expandable by virtue of a series of slots formed in its lower portion. The screw seats within the axial bore of the rod receiving member such that a rod inserted in the channel of the member seats on the head of the screw. With the rod coupling element and staple combination mounted to the screw, it is driven into the vertebral bone. The member is then rotated into position to receive the rod, which seats on the head of the screw.

Abstract: A polyaxial orthopedic device for use with rod implant apparatus includes a screw having a curvate head, a cross bar mounting element having a socket into which the head of the screw is initially polyaxially nested. The cross bar mounting element further includes a vertical split which permits the socket to be expanded or compressed via the application of a corresponding force directed at the split. The cross bar mounting element further includes a pair of upwardly extending members which define a trough into which a cross bar element is positioned. The cross bar element includes features which permit the secure fixation of a rod thereto, as well as a selectively slideable element, such as a nut, which may be tightened to apply the compressive force necessary to compress the interior volume onto the head of the screw, thus locking the assembly in place.

Abstract: A polyaxial orthopedic device for use with rod implant apparatus includes a screw having a head, a tubular body having holes in the top, side and bottom thereof, and a rod coupling element. The head of the screw is disposed in the body with the shaft of the screw extending out the bottom hole, such that the body and the screw may initially rotate relative to one another. The rod coupling element has a ball shaped end which seats in the body with the remainder of the rod coupling element extending out of the side hole of the body, such that the rod coupling element and the body are initially polyaxially coupled relative to one another. The ball end of the rod coupling element is disposed on top of the head of the screw. A set screw is provided in the top of the body, the tightening of which causes the ball, head, and body to be crush locked together, thereby preventing further relative motion.

Abstract: A polyaxial orthopedic device for use with rod implant apparatus includes a hook or a screw having a recess which includes a lower portion and an upper portion, the up per portion is curvate. A rod receiving head having a channel formed therein, and a central bore which is curvately tapered at the inside bottom, and equivalently curvately tapered on the exterior surface, is polyaxially seated in the upper portion of the recess while a post element is inserted down through the head into the lower portion of the recess. The upper portion of the post is widened and curvate so that it seats in the curved lower interior of the bore of the head. The insertion of a rod into the head, onto the top of the post and the subsequent application of a downward force thereon by a nut causes the assembly to lock together, independent of the polyaxial angle of the head to the post and hook, or screw.

Abstract: A modular polyaxial pedicle screw and orthopaedic rod implant device including same includes a shaft portion, a cuff, a stem portion, and a rod coupling sub-assembly. The shaft portion is designed to be inserted into the pedicle, has a recess formed in its top, and includes a threading formed on the exterior surface around the recess. The stem portion is a threaded post having an enlarged ball formed at the base thereof, the ball being ideally suited to polyaxially rotate within the recess of the shaft. The cuff is a cylindrical element designed to seat around the interface of the ball portion of the stem and the recess of the shaft, initially so that the stem and shaft may polyaxially rotate relative to one another, and subsequently to hold the stem and shaft in final securement. The rod coupling sub-assembly consists of a rod coupling element which is mountable on the post portion of the stem, and a top locking nut which secures the rod coupling element to the post between the nut and the cuff.