Abstract: A magnetic tape cassette recorder, comprising: take-up and feed spools for winding and unwinding a magnetic tape carried in a removable cassette; a tumbler gear mounted for swinging motion about a stationary shaft and movable between the take-up and feed spools; a motor, disposed outside the cassette when the cassette is operatively inserted in the recorder, for selectively driving the take-up and feed spools through the tumbler gear; a capstan driven by the motor; a pinch roller for pressing the magnetic tape against the capstan; a transmission mechanism driven by the motor and having a planetary gear assembly, including a planet carrier, for driving the tumbler gear; first and second annular coupling parts rotatably stacked along the stationary shaft; a third coupling part connected to the planet carrier and rotatably stacked between the first and second coupling parts, defining respective sets of opposing facing surfaces between the third coupling part and each of the first and second coupling parts; a fri

Abstract: A method of making a hierarchical estimate of image motion for a television signal. A television signal video image is divided into blocks of fixed size, and motion relative to a second video image is determined for each block. Mutually non-overlapping pixel blocks are produced at a lower, more finely resolved hierarchical level. The center points of these blocks are used as the points for an analysis at a level that is located higher in the hierarchy. Preferably, points which lie between image lines and which do not represent real picture elements in the line raster, are investigated in the mutually non-overlapping blocks.

Abstract: An input stage of a level converter for converting an ECL compatible signal to an MOS compatible signal is formed as a differential amplifier. The differential amplifier produces a current that is coupled directly to a first transistor of a pair of complementary transistors, during a transition interval, to turn on the first transistor. An output signal of the first transistor is fed back to a control terminal of the first transistor via a first inverter. Consequently, the first transistor is actively turned off immediately following the transition interval. A second inverter and the first inverter form a latch for maintaining the output signal unchanged, after the first transistor is turned off.

Abstract: A diode-split high voltage transformer for a television receiver includes a coil form having a plurality of axially aligned cells. The cells are arranged in groups and are separated by fins. Partial windings are individually arranged in the cells. A plurality of diodes is arranged about the edge of each fin and and substantially normal to the of the form. The partial windings and the diodes are alternately connected in series. Each of the fins includs a ramp-shaped recess tangentially extending from the fin edge to the bottom of the cell adjacent to the fin to provide space allowing the winding wires to stay clear of the partial windings.

Abstract: A cassette loading facility has a guide frame arranged on a chassis in a fixed position. A receiving device is movable between a loading position, in which a cassette can be introduced and removed therefrom, and an operating position. The cassette is positioned on the chassis by means of positioning pins and catch apertures which are formed on the cassette housing. The catch apertures lock the cassette during its transportation between the loading and the operating position and also center it in the operating position.

Abstract: In order to achieve a greater degree of security in the decoder for the control frame of teletext pages, the control frame is initially selected and decoded from the data stream by means of a bit by bit comparison with a frame word. Thereby, the following steps are carried out in dependence on the number of coincidences occurring during the bit by bit comparison with the frame word:a) if, during the bit by bit comparison, eight coincidences are detected, the control frame is considered to have been identified and the counter is reset;b) if less than eight coincidences are detected, it is determined whether a particular number ("444") or a multiple of this number ("n 444") has been reached on the basis of the count-state of the clock pulse counter, whereby, in the event that this number has been reached, the control frame is considered to have been identified and the counter is reset.

Abstract: The process for manufacturing parts of revolution which are made from a high-density metal with great regularity of reproducibility, especially as regards the homogeneity of the matter.It consists in carrying out the following steps:forging in three dimensions by successive upsetting and drawing-out operations carried out in three perpendicular directions;closed-die forging; andrecrystallisation heat treatment.Application to the manufacture of hollow-charged coatings made of tantalum.

Abstract: A synchronizing signal separating circuit for a television receiver, comprising: a source of a video signal having a line synchronizing signal component; a line synchronizing signal component separator having an amplitude selective stage and having a flywheel stage imparting a response time constant to the separator which enhances noise immunity; a delay circuit for the video signal, for example a multiple line delay, coupled ,between the video signal source and the separator; a control circuit coupled to the video signal source and evaluating the time positions of line synchronizing pulses of a plurality of successive lines to identify a kind of line phase disturbance in which the line phase of an entire raster is displaced, the control circuit supplying a control signal to the separator indicative of the kind of phase disturbance; and, the flywheel stage being temporarily rendered inoperative responsive to the control signal, for example by temporarily decreasing the response time of the separator, upon ide

Abstract: An apparatus for generating an intermediate voltage having a value between a positive voltage supply value and a negative supply value. The apparatus has low power dissipation and is dynamically stable over a range of external supply voltages. The apparatus comprises a voltage comparator having first and second input terminals and a control signal output terminal. A reference voltage generator is coupled to the positive voltage supply and generates a reference voltage which is coupled to the first input terminal of the comparator. A device having a zener characteristic is coupled to the positive voltage supply and generates a voltage which is coupled to the second input terminal of the comparator. A current source is coupled to the negative voltage supply and generates a current which is coupled to a terminal, to form the intermediate voltage, and is also coupled to the device to determine the voltage generated thereby.

Abstract: A braking device for a tape player/recorder includes a pair of reel platters and a pair of pivotable brake arms individually supporting brake pads. A tension member biases the brake pads against the reel platters in a brake-applied position. The brake arms have extensions extending to a selected point. A spring biased pivotable lever arm includes a tracking end and an actuating end. The actuating end engages the brake arms at the selected point to bias the brake pads away from the reel platters against the action of the tension member in a brake-released position. A lifting element is coaxial with a motor driven shaft and includes a helical ramp extending around the lifting element and rising from a lower level to a higher level. An adjusting element is coaxial with the shaft and is outside of the lifting element. The adjusting element includes lower and higher faces respectively coincident with the lower and higher levels of the ramp.

Abstract: A signal regenerator for binary signals includes a signal equalizer having an input filter and an integrator. An amplitude detector and a period detector are arranged to receive the output signal of the equalizer. A high pass filter is included in a feedback loop to feed the output signal of one of the detectors back to the equalizer.

Abstract: A turntable for disc-shaped records includes a disc-centering hub for engaging a centering aperture in the disc-shaped record. A bushing is coaxial with the disc-centering hub and connects the turntable to a driving mechanism. A circular part connects the bushing to an annular outer bearing surface. The annular outer bearing surface has a step portion forming a shoulder normal to the bearing surface and imbedded in the edge of the circular part. The shoulder rises above the circular part to support the disc-shaped records above the circular part by the hub and the bearing surface.

Abstract: A deflection method and circuit for symmetrical horizontal scanning in a television tube utilizes a vertical deflection coil and an auxiliary vertical deflection coil. The vertical deflection coil is energized with a sawtooth vertical scanning current having a first slope during vertical trace to generate a first vertical deflection field. The auxiliary vertical deflection coil is energized with a sawtooth vertical auxiliary current having a line frequency and a second slope during horizontal trace equal but opposite to the first slope of the vertical scanning current to generate a second vertical deflection field. The first and second vertical deflection fields are superimposed in the tube to produce a stepped vertical deflection field.

Abstract: A high voltage transformer for a television receiver includes a primary winding and a secondary winding. The secondary winding is compartmentalized and is separated from the primary winding by a space. The secondary winding has a plurality of partial windings which are arranged in cells of a compartmentalized coil form and are connected to one another by diodes. The partial windings are positioned and dimensioned with respect to the primary winding to cause substantially equal pulse voltages of like polarity to exist at the neighboring portions of the primary winding and the partial windings in the vicinity of the space, to substantially eliminate pulse electric fields in the space.

Abstract: An optical scanning device includes an object lens for focusing a light beam onto a recorded medium having a helical data track. A tracking regulation circuit guides the object lens along the data track. The tracking regulation circuit includes a coarse drive circuit for driving the optical scanning device and a fine drive circuit for adjusting the object lens. The optical scanning device and the object lens have optical axes which normally are aligned. Deviations of the optical axes from alignment are measured and regulation signals are generated for the coarse drive circuit in accordance with the deviations.

Abstract: A printed circuit board includes an oscillator and a modulator. The oscillator includes a first printed inductor and a capacitive diode which are printed on one side of the printed circuit board. The modulator includes a second printed inductor coupled to the first printed inductor and printed on the same side of the printed circuit board as the oscillator. A conductive surface at a reference potential is arranged the other side of the printed circuit board and in the vicinity of the oscillator and the modulator and electrically coupled to the oscillator and the modulator using conductive through holes.

Abstract: A sample rate converter includes a first interpolator which generates samples intermediate samples provided at a first sample rate. A second interpolator, using the intermediate samples, generates further samples at a second sample rate which are intermediate the intermediate samples. An accumulator which accumulates a value representing the ratio of the first and second sample rates, generates scale factors for performing the interpolations, and a clock signal at the second sample rate.

Abstract: In an optical recording apparatus light is directed to and reflected from a recording medium to recover recorded information. The intensity of direct and reflected light is measured and the ratio of the measured values is used to control the intensity of the light source to maintain the intensity of reflected light substantially constant.

Abstract: It is the object to create a vertical deflection circuit which is suitable, in particular, for a symmetric deflection with a sinusoidal deflection current and a free-running horizontal deflection circuit not synchronised by the input signal.A vertical pulse derived from the received signal and a horizontal pulse (H*) derived from the horizontal deflection circuit are applied to the synchronising inputs of the vertical deflection circuit in such a manner that the vertical deflection in each case begins with the first horizontal pulse following an edge of the vertical pulse (V) derived from the received signal and ends in a wait position preceding the next vertical pulse (V).Suitable, in particular, for television receivers with a symmetric free-running horizontal deflection not synchronised by the input signal.

Abstract: In optical playback appliances, such as CD-players, the objective lens sits on a lens-holder that is mounted so as to swivel around an axis and that carries at least one coil. The axis of rotation of the lens-holder is secured to a housing. To allow the lens-holder (LH) to move easily, without being hampered by wires, in the optical scanning device, essentially composed of the lens-holder (LH) and the housing (G), the current required for the coils (S1, S2) flows through respective elastic, electroconductive fastening elements (FO, FU) to both ends (SO, SU) of the axis (N), and from said ends (SO, SU), electrically isolated from each other, to the coils (S1, S2), via respective strip conductors (LPO, LBU) on the lens-holder (LH). This optical scanning device with a lens-holder is useful in CD-players, video disk players, DRAW-disk players and in magneto-optical recorders and players.