Abstract: The inspection method, in order to detect and locate defects (5) included within the thickness of the transparent material (2) to be inspected, consists in uniformly illuminating a bright background (7) placed relative to the camera (4) behind the material (2) in order to be viewed by transparency through the material (2), covering the field of view of the camera (4) and serving as contrast reference, in laterally illuminating the surface of the material (2) in order to distinguish defects (5) included within the material (2) from parasitic elements (11) deposited on its surface, in viewing by transparency, by the camera (4), placed in the vertical to the surface of the material (2), a sequence of contrasted images reproducing the thickness of the material (2), and in processing information acquired by the successive images which are representative of the material (2) seen in its thickness in order to detect and locate the defects (5) included within the thickness of the material (2).

Abstract: A microwave lens of the type described in the French patent No. 2,469,808 is adapted to operate with two crossed polarizations. To this end, each of the phase-shifting channels of the lens is subdivided into two subchannels, each of them being assigned to one of said polarizations. Each subchannel includes, in addition to phase-shifting panels, means for rotating by 90.degree. the polarization of the incident wave and impedance matching means.

Abstract: A method for detecting fixed or moving objects within an angular zone, as may be used in vehicle anti-collision systems, employs separate and distinct transmission and reception patterns. The transmission pattern successively illuminates consecutive segments of the angular zone. The reception pattern receives echo signals in parallel from illuminated objects in each zone segment. The echo signals are then digitally beam formed into a total field signal. The angular positions of the detected objects are then derived from the total field signal.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for evaluating the remaining charge in an accumulator battery by determining the residual charge at the start of discharge, adding up the quantities of energy extracted as and when the battery is used, determining the quantities of charge which are not restorable instantaneously because of a high discharge rate, charge which is restorable by relaxation of the battery and charge which is not restorable under the influence of temperature.

Abstract: The disclosed system essentially comprises a small diameter sphere, forming a projection screen, in which the pilot is placed. This sphere is associated with external and internal generators.

Abstract: The invention is an optical device, similar to a pair of binoculars, which includes, between the objective lens and the eyepiece a miniature screen displaying an image controlled by a computer, and an optical reflex device capable of superimposing the screen image on the image seen through the objective lens. The device also includes, selectively or cumulatively, a variable light attenuator, a light amplifier for night vision, sensors to detect the line of sight of the optical device, and a computer which can also be selectively or cumulatively connected to a localization receiver of the "global positioning system" type and a transceiver. The device can be used to add further information on geographic positions, friends, enemies, infrared images, etc. into the scene seen through the binoculars.

Abstract: The device for the elimination of intermediate frequency echoes from fixed targets carries out the cancellation of the echoes from the fixed targets by the storage, in the form of amplitude and phase samples, of the response to the first pulse of a burst reduced to video band, the synthesis on the basis of these samples of an intermediate frequency replica of the response to the first pulse of a burst and the subtraction of the synthesized replica from each of the subsequent pulses of the burst. It is of the double cancellation type, the preparation of the replica being done in two steps, a first rough-working step in which a rough replica is prepared and a second refining step in which the modelling error of the rough replica is taken into account.

Abstract: The device comprises an analog-digital converter coupled between a pulse receiver and a device to extract the continuous level of the signal given by the receiver. The continuous level extraction device is coupled to an edge detection device and to a scrambling characterizing device to detect the presence of rising or descending edges and of scramblers in the signal given by the receiver.

Abstract: The method is of the type featuring a parallel transmission, over a predetermined number of transmission frequencies at a low bit rate, of useful information signals modulated at a predetermined phase shift keying. A parallel transmission on all the frequencies of the frames of useful signals and of frames of reference signals is performed, a frame of reference signals being inserted between two neighboring useful frames, and each reference signals being alternated with a useful signal in each frame of the reference signals. Such a method finds particular application to the digital transmission of speech.

Abstract: The invention concerns a memory cell insensitive to disturbances. The memory cell, that contains information in the form of two complementary logical levels (X, C(X)), each logical level being stored in a node of the cell (N1, N2), is characterized in that it comprises means of storing the same logical level in two different nodes (N1, N2, N3, N4), the said means being able to restore any logical level to its initial state preceding a modification made on it due to a disturbance, as a result of holding the value of one of the two logical levels complementary to the logical level that was modified.

Abstract: The invention relates to a portable station for measuring and adjusting the magnetic signature of a naval ship making it possible to determine and/or modify the characteristics of the currents flowing in the magnetic immunization loops with which this naval ship (1) is furnished. The station is of the type including several magnetic sensors (4) capable of being laid on the bottom of the sea, the magnetic sensors (4) being connected to a device (13) for relaying the data which they provide, and the said naval ship (1) being equipped with a device (14) for receiving the said data, and is characterized in that the magnetic sensors (4) are connected together so as to form a deformable string (2) capable of being laid on the bottom of the sea.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to broadcasting by means of rotary antennas using wire dipoles. Two distinct feeder channels respectively leave two transmitters, go through the joint that separates the fixed support from the mobile part of the rotary antenna, then go out horizontally, on either side of the mast, taking support on the bearing structure of the rotary antenna to then rise vertically to the supply points of the dipoles of two distinct vertical groupings of the dipoles: it is thus possible to carry out two simultaneous transmissions from one and the same rotary antenna. Application to broadcasting in decameter waves.

Abstract: The disclosure is a high-power solid laser in which an emissive array of semiconductor lasers in a first stage pumps a solid YAG-type laser in a second stage. The structure of the emissive array, which is an integrated circuit, includes rods of semiconductor lasers alternating with grooves, the rods and grooves being parallel. The invention involves incrusting the material of the solid laser bars into the grooves between the rods of semiconductor lasers. This material is either placed in hybrid form or deposited to make an integrated structure.

Abstract: This magnetic medium reading device comprises means for the induction of an AC magnetic excitation field in the reading zone of the magnetic head. It can be applied notably to magneto-optical reading heads. Applications: reading of magnetic media (magnetic tapes and disks).

Abstract: In a remote identification device, an interrogator sends a microwave signal to a responder, the interrogation wave signal being modulated. At each period of the modulation signal of the interrogation wave signal, the responder accumulates the energy conveyed by this signal, the energy received being converted into supply voltage to be used to encode and transmit a response microwave signal to the interrogator. This may be used for the identification of objects by a radar signal.

Abstract: A bank or identity type of magnetic card contains ferromagnetic elements that selectively absorb waves at microwave frequencies. The disclosure also relates to a reading device adapted to this card. The device has an active system and a resonant system capable of filtering the microwaves at the resonance frequencies of the ferromagnetic materials of the card to be read. The reading device, equipped with a system to measure the amplitude of the microwaves, can thus recognize the magnetic information elements on the card, through the disturbance or non-disturbance of the microwaves during the insertion of the card into the device. The value of the encoding of the card lies in fact that the information elements are hard to destroy.

Abstract: A chain of elongate components (10, 20) are connected end-to-end. Each component (e.g. 10) comprises a sheath (1) closed at its ends filled with a dielectric liquid (e.g. kerosene). Sound detectors are located in the liquid as are electric conductors for conveying signals therefrom. The ends are closed by means including an electric connector. At least one of a pair of mating end portions includes a valve (14, 24) which releases the dielectric liquid from inside the sheath into the interstices between the mated pair. A bleed screw can be used to ensure no air remains. This arrangement minimises pressure differentials around the join between two adjacent elongate components and facilitates use of the chain at great depths.

Abstract: The segmentation process of the invention consists in making representative objects of classes to be discriminated and for which a statistical law is estimated or is available which defines them on characteristic measurements. The data base is segmented by determining cuts between the classes taken two by two, the cuts being computed using the descriptive parameters of the statistical laws of each class. Each new object is assigned to the most probable class.

Abstract: The invention concerns unidirectional ground-wave transducers using an alternating series of emitter cells (E) and reflector cells (R).The invention consists in using, in the emitter cells (E), fingers having a width of .lambda./3 spaced apart by a distance of 2 .lambda./3; and, in the reflector cells (R), fingers having a width of .lambda./4 spaced apart by a distance of .lambda./2.Using identical engraving precision, the invention makes it possible to increase by 50% the frequency at which the unidirectional transducer thus produced can be used.

Abstract: An inter-terminal telecommunications network for the transmission of data by packets includes a transport layer formed by switching micronodes connected to one another by lines. The transport layer is adapted to enable the communication and conveyance of packets or cells of data elements, on the one hand among units of equipment of the network and, on the other hand, between the network and other units of equipment external to the network. Each micronode is controlled by means of instructions contained in each cell header that is presented to it on a line of the network to enable the routing of the cell on another line of the network and the transmission of the number and of the states of the neighboring micronodes towards a unit of a centralized management layer so as to keep the management layer constantly informed about the configuration of the network.