Abstract: In a method for the electrical testing of equipotential lines, each line containing at least two testing points wherein, at least one cut-off line separates the testing points. The testing points of a first side of the cut-off line are grouped together in a first set and the testing points of the other side are grouped together in a second set, the testing points of the cut-off line belonging to both sets. The electrical test is carried out, in a first step, between the testing points of the first set and, in a second step, between the testing points of the second set, testing points of the first set being grouped in the second set while, in the same time, remaining in the first set, to ensure the continuity of the electrical testing between the testing points of the two sets. Application to tests on electrical continuity or insulation of electrical boxes notably.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to electronic units formed by two printed circuit type boards that are electrically and mechanically coupled and that have a single plug for their connection. To facilitate the placing of these units between two pairs of grooves, the assembling the two boards comprise adjusting elements to adjust the distance between the two boards to two distinct values: one when the boards are inserted into the grooves and the other for an effect of locking the boards between the pairs of grooves. To this end, it is possible to use bars crossed by a screw that makes it possible, by screwing, to place two outside sections of the bar in a position of overthrust with respect to an inside section of the bar. The screwing is done after the electronic unit has been inserted into the grooves in order to lock the boards against the flanks of the grooves.

Abstract: Switchable inductors for strong currents are used especially in antenna tuning circuits. The value of the inductance between the terminals of the primary winding of an air-core static transformer is different depending on whether the secondary winding of the transformer is placed in an open circuit or in a short circuit by switching means formed by power semiconductor elements. Application in particular to antenna coupling circuits for VLF stations working by frequency hop transmission with highly selective antennas.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the etching of at least two layers of semiconductor materials having different natures, with a view to making a mesa for the self-alignment of the metallizations of a transistor. The heterojunction must comprise a first layer of a material containing As, which is etched by reactive ion etching, and a second layer of a material containing P which is etched chemically. Application to the making of HBT type vertical heterojunction transistors.

Abstract: A method and device, using fuzzy logic, to control the value of a braking torque of a wheel of a vehicle applied to a track, the input variables being the coefficient of slippage of the wheel on the track, the first derivative of this coefficient with respect to time, the derivative of the braking torque with respect to the slippage and the value of the braking torque, the output variable being an algebraic increase of the braking torque. Application to wheeled vehicles.

Abstract: Disclosed is a separator of polarizations comprising a Bragg grating gripped between two plates comprising input and output faces in the form of steps. The advantages of the device are that it is light and compact.

Abstract: The process according to the invention consists in breaking down a radiofrequency signal to be modulated according to a first and second signal, representing respectively the sum of the output voltages of identical amplitude of a first and second determined number of modules, with which respectively a first and second vector are associated whose respective amplitude and phase verify that the vectorial sum of the two vectors coincides with a determined reference that is used as a phase reference of the two vectors, in adapting the phase of the load impedance of each module so that vector associated with the current supplied by each of the amplifying modules is in phase delay in relation to their output voltages, in modulating the phase of the two signals by the modulation signal and in adding the first and second phase modulated signal to obtain a resultant amplitude modulated signal. Application: Medium wave radio broadcast transmitters.

Abstract: Disclosed is an integrated circuit memory comprising at least one column of memory cells parallel connected with one another and connected to at least one bit line, each memory cell being connected to a bit line by at least one access transistor, wherein said memory contains a protection transistor that is connected to the bit line and controlled so as to be made conductive so as to limit the voltage drop on the bit line, during the stages of the reading of the memory, when this drop in voltage goes beyond a threshold having a value smaller than a value that prompts the writing of an information element in a memory cell.

Abstract: A method of internal connection for neural network linking successive neuron layers and useful in image analysis and image and signal processing is provided. The neuron output states of a new neuron layer are represented by functions obtained by the method. A weighted summation of functions which represent the output state of a neuron from a preceding layer is carried out. A saturation function is applied to the result of the weighted summation. A function is outputted which is representative of the output state of the neuron layer.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and device for the real-time processing of the responses constituted by pulse signals emitted by secondary radar transponders. The device has an analyzer of sampled magnitudes characterizing the pulses, said magnitudes being prepared by a device located upline with respect to the disclosed device. This device creates a sample message at the sampling rate. Said sample message characterizes the variations of the different magnitudes from one sample to another. A device for the processing of the pulses receives the sample messages and prepares pulse messages. Finally, a device filters the pulses belonging to a same response from the information elements pertaining to the pulse messages and from response detection signals.

Abstract: The method uses the photoelectric sensitivity of the diode junctions. It consists, in order to test a specific diode belonging to a group of diodes connected in parallel, in illuminating the junction of a diode in question with light belonging to the range of photoelectric sensitivity of the said junction, in connecting the group of diodes to the terminals of an electrical load and in noting the appearance, at the terminals of the said load, of a photocurrent denoting correct operation of the diode in question. When the group of diodes forms part of an assembly within which it is connected in series with other groups of diodes, the diode under test is illuminated by intermittent light while at least one diode of each of the other groups is illuminated continuously and while an attempt is made to detect an intermittent photocurrent passing through a load to the terminals of which the assembly is connected.

Abstract: A system for sea navigation which features a plurality of ships located in a single high density area (for example port) and a control center for this area using a common transmission channel. The ships are equipped to transmit data about their speed, heading and position, which are displayed on a panoramic screen fitted on all ships and in the control center. The control center has priority access to this common channel to send general interest messages or special messages to all or some of the equipped ships.

Abstract: Magnetic head comprising two magnetic circuits (1, 1') attached to each other. Two parts (14, 14') made of non-magnetic material are located beneath the gap of the head. The magnetic poles 3, 3' are made with thin layers on the magnetic circuits (1, 1') and the parts made of non-magnetic material. The material for bonding the magnetic circuits sets up the gap (5) between the poles (3, 3').

Abstract: The phase conjugation device includes at least one non-linear medium and an optical focussing system producing at least two focal points within the non-linear medium and capable of focussing light at these two points.

Abstract: The voltage variation between the electrodes of the tube of a microwave amplifier (1) causing a phase Shift of the output wave from the microwave amplifier (1), the process according to the invention consists of creating a phase shift of the wave entering the tube of the microwave amplifier (1) that is substantially proportional to the voltage variation and in the direction opposite the phase shift of the output wave caused by this voltage variation.

Abstract: This invention provides a multi-standard observation camera fitted with a detector which comprises photosensitive elements arranged in two aligned and/or offset rows, a clock sequencer (22) placed in the same plane as the detector (20), this clock sequencer (22) being used to control the transfer of charges from the sensors into a CCD read circuit (24) to output a video signal compatible with the display monitor television standard. The clock sequencer (22) includes programmable counting resources which define the periods during which the charges are integrated and times at which they are transferred into the read circuit (24), these counting resources being programmed via a link (28) to a memory (25) containing the data required to define several standards. The memory (25) is part of a set of proximity electronics (26) and is controlled by a selection command (27) to match the monitor standard.

Abstract: This invention comprises a system for calculating at least one vehicular traffic check parameter. The system according to the invention includes a pulse modulated radar placed at a high point at the side of the lanes to be monitored. The radar emits pulses having a frequency f.sub.o and width .tau. according to a radiation diagram. The radiation diagram is narrow in plan and sufficiently wide in elevation to cover all lanes to be monitored, and inclined in elevation and plan such that at least one range bin of the radar is included in a lane. Echo signals received by the radar are then processed by a signal processing module and a parameter extraction module. The invention is particularly useful in automobile traffic, for calculation of the number of vehicles travelling in lanes, the vehicles speed and length, etc. The advantage of the this inventive system compared with previous systems is that it enables simultaneous checking of several traffic lanes.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of integrated circuits where it is desired to produce narrow conducting grids separated by a narrow gap and uses the lifting-up of silicon nitride (bird's bill) which is formed during a thick localized oxidation. A localized oxidation step is carried out and the oxide formed is totally removed. The edges (20, 22) of a nitride layer (14) stay overhanging. A conforming polycrystalline-silicon deposition enables silicon to be deposited uniformly, including beneath these edges. Finally, vertical anisotropic etching removes the silicon everywhere except beneath the overhanging edges, so that two silicon lines (28, 30) remain. An ion implantation (34) may be performed between the two lines. The method will find particular application for making anti-dazzle systems for photosensitive charge-coupled devices.

Abstract: Disclosed is a 3D encapsulation of semiconductor chips, each chip containing for example an integrated circuit, this encapsulation being aimed at optimising heat dissipation by conduction. Connection means are associated with each chip, making it possible to extend the pads of chips towards three sides of the chip, thus leaving the fourth side free. The chips are stacked on one another and then can be connected to heat dissipation means by their fourth side.

Abstract: The invention relates to the "hardening" (resistance to ionizing radiations) of MOS-type components. In order to avoid the effects of these radiations (creation of electron-hole pairs), there is deposited on a substrate (1) of monocrystalline Si a layer of YSZ (2), and then a thin layer of monocrystalline Si (3). The other steps of production of the components are the same as conventional.