Abstract: An ultrahigh-frequency oscillator. To double the frequency of an oscillator having a single field-effect transistor (10), whose fundamental frequency is adjusted by an impedance of gate (13) and an impedance of source (15), a filter (16+17) is mounted between the drain of transistor (10) and the ground. This filter, formed by a self-induction coil (16) in series with a varactor (17) is adjusted to the fundamental frequency: it assures the rejection, and favors the generation of the second harmonic, at double frequency. Application to ultrahigh-frequency sources.

Abstract: An microwave device of the diode-operated amplitude modulator or switch type is disclosed. The ring is formed by a source of symmetrical currents which powers the diodes connected to a load. When the diodes are off, they show a capacitance which gives a reactive current. To improve isolation or attenuation, the current in the load must be zero. This is obtained by mounting, on diagonals of the ring, two capacitors which give two currents that are equal and opposite to the two reactive currents.

Abstract: A negative-resistance diode oscillator tuned by a varactor as applicable to frequency-modulated transmitters or to receiver oscillators operating within the 56-100 GHz frequency band is integrated in a waveguide. The diode is encapsulated in a capped package and mounted on a ground-connected base. A coupling capacitor is fixed on the metallic cap of the package. A varactor having beam-lead connections is mounted as a bridge between the capacitor and a ground-connected metallic stud. The bias voltages are brought in the plane of the waveguide by means of two wires and two capacitors housed within orifices formed through the waveguide walls.

Abstract: A device is used to handle small-sized semiconductor chips, such as ultra-high frequency chips delivered loose. In order to lift up these chips one by one at a precise point by means of a pipette, the device uses the charges of static electricity which make the chips adhere to an endless tape made of plastic. In a first, vertical part, the tape is loaded with chips in passing through a feeder bin. A stop retains all the chips on one side of the tape, and another stop lets through only those chips that are flat on the other side of the tape. In a second, horizontal part the tape passes through a tunnel in which the chips are oriented and then stored and taken up by a suction pipette. The invention can be applied to the assembly of semi-conductor chips in packages or on substrates.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for cutting out very small sized semiconductor devices, mounted on a gold base, including the formation of depth indicators etched through the active layer, on a manufacturing wafer, and penetrating into the substrate, said indicators being metallized then, after masking, the gold bases are deposited. A mechanical metal support makes it possible to thin down the substrate and to etch the mesa diodes on their gold bases, the metal of the mechanical support then being etched by an acid solution which cuts out the diodes.

Abstract: In an opto-electronic head, an optic fiber is coupled with a laser or a light-emitting diode. According to the invention, a plane ceramic substrate acts as a reference plane for the alignment. It is separated into two zones: one zone dedicated to the semi-conductor device and one zone dedicated to the fiber. The second zone supports a heating resistor placed between two insulating layers. A heat barrier, consisting of a slit in the substrate, reduces heat transfers towards the layer to the minimum. To align the two components, a solder preform or polymer preform is put on the resistor. When the preform melts, it forms a drop in which the fiber 4 can be moved in three directions. The invention can be applied to opto-electronic systems.

Abstract: A hyperfrequency circulator is provided in which the gyrator is integrated in the wave-guide, comprising a wave-guide whose two main faces are pierced with two holes, aligned with the center of symmetry of the junction. Through these holes a one-piece gyrator passes formed by at least one magnet, a pole piece, a solid dielectric resonator and a second pole piece. The gyrator is cylindrical in shape, and the pole pieces each have a flange of the same diameter as the holes in the wave-guide, the cooling plates immobilizing the one piece gyrator in the wave-guide.

Abstract: A device fixed on a measuring instrument provides access to the terminals of a microwave component in order to measure scattering, noise or output power parameters. In order to minimize the length of connections between the access lines of the device and the input and output terminals of the component to be measured, two access blocks which carry the access lines are positionally adjustable with respect to the component to be measured in such a manner as to permit two degrees of freedom in relative-spacing displacement and in lateral translational displacement. Irrespective of the type of component to be measured (chip, package, or hybrid circuit), the component is carried by an insert block placed between the two access blocks and having dimensions equal to those of the component.

Abstract: A microwave oscillator integrated in a waveguide includes a negative-resistance diode encapsulated in a capped micromodule, a capacitor fixed on the cap, a resonator fixed on the capacitor and a metallic strip fixed on the capacitor and on a grounding stud. The metallic strip constitutes a device for coupling the diode with the auxiliary load and with the resonator. Outside the resonance frequency of the resonator, no oscillation is possible since the diode is in that case loaded by a low resistance and is not capable of oscillating. The dielectric resonator is the only element which resonates, thus endowing the oscillator with high stability.