Abstract: The invention uses the conventional PC game port as a port for a digital game input device, employing a Digital Game Port (DGP) protocol which uses the four discrete or button lines and a single analog line (one of four) on the conventional game board to form a dual serial port. Data from a DGP control device is packetized with each packet consisting of 13 bytes of data. The packets or blocks are then grouped into frames. A frame consists of two blocks of data. A total of two frames are transmitted to the driver for each driver request. The 13-byte data block is divided between six one byte analog values and four bytes of digital data, with three bytes that identify and define the device. This device definition and identification is unique. By sending the device identification and configuration to the driver, the driver can determine not only the presence of the device but also very specific aspects of the device.

Abstract: A two-handed game controller has a single dual analog/digital x-y directional pad mounted on the top which can perform either analog or digital functions. A mode switch on the controller allows an operator to select either analog or digital control settings. The controller also has a button grouping located within a concave recess. Each button within the recess has a downward slanting top maintained at an elevation a specified distance from the controller, thereby allowing for easy actuation by a gliding, rolling or sliding motion of a user's thumb or finger. The controller also has semicircular sides and 3-dimensionally tapered hand-grips, facilitating grip from virtually any size hand, from child to adult. Digital triggers are mounted on both the top and bottom of the controller and are configured to perform the same functions, allowing table-top use. Furthermore, the controller has a tripod-like structure with slip-resistant grips providing stability on a table-top surface.

Abstract: A reconfigurable video game/simulator system including a personal computer, a video display, a keyboard, and one or more game controllers including a throttle controller. The keyboard is coupled to the throttle controller as are the other game controllers. The throttle controller is coupled to the computer through a keyboard interface port. During a functional mode, the throttle controller receives inputs from the controllers and the keyboard and transmits a corresponding input keycode. During a reconfiguration mode, the user inputs the desired keycodes into the computer, either by inputting them by the keyboard or selecting a preexisting configuration file stored on the computer. The reconfiguration keycodes are then downloaded to the throttle controller over the keyboard interface. The throttle controller receives the reconfiguration keycodes and stores them in a non-volatile memory located within the controller.

Abstract: A video golf swing sensing system responsive to a user swinging a golf club provides inputs to a video golf game operating on a personal computer having a monitor, a microprocessor, and a serial port. The sensing system is mounted on a pad and includes linear arrays of photodetectors and LED for detecting a club head parameter by sensing light reflected off the club head. A microcontroller processes the parameter data into a form required by the personal computer. An input cable coupled between an output of the microcontroller and the serial port transmits the information to the personal computer to provide the golf game information to determine a corresponding ball path in the video game. The arrays are recessed beneath a shield to facilitate reflection of light from the sources to the detectors within openings in the shield while excluding external light.

Abstract: The invention comprises a controller that includes a base, a handle mounted on the base, a flipper switch mounted at a distal end of the handle, and having two optical accelerometers mounted within a cavity of the handle for detecting the force applied to the controller. Each optical accelerometer includes a light source, a light detector, and a shield having a pattern formed thereon that varies from the first end of the shield to a second end of the shield so as to allow an increasing amount of light to pass through the shield as the shield moves from its first end to its second end. The shield is pivotally mounted between the light source and the light detector so that the force applied to the handle causes the shield to pivot thereby allowing a varying amount of light to be passed from the light detector through the shield to the light source.

Abstract: A video game/simulator system in a personal computer (PC) with game port and keyboard port includes a joystick includes a base and a joystick handle pivotally mounted on the base for two-dimensional movement. The joystick controller is connectable to both the game port of the personal computer and to the keyboard port via a second, throttle controller. The throttle and joystick controller inputs are reconfigurable to work with different video game/simulator programs by downloading a new set of keycodes from the personal computer via the keyboard port to a microcontroller and nonvolatile memory in the throttle controller. The throttle and joystick controller have variable inputs which can be input to the PC in either analog or digital form. The digital inputs can be calibrated by changing their corresponding keycodes. A multi-stage trigger switch is hingedly mounted on the joystick for actuation by a user's index finger.

Abstract: A high precision game card generates a digital signal corresponding to each analog input signal from a controller. Each digital signal has a digital value proportional to the number of "reads" to the game card by a computer microprocessor. The digital signals can therefore be read by the computer without disabling the computer interrupts. The game card converts the analog input signals to a corresponding numeric value and this value is compared with an output of a counter which counts the number of "reads" by the computer. If the number of "reads" equals or exceeds the numeric representation, the corresponding digital signal is deasserted. The digital signals are initially asserted responsive to a "write" to the game card by the computer microprocessor. Alternatively, the numeric representations can be provided directly to the computer over the computer data bus. This embodiment provides all of the numeric representations over a single address.

Abstract: The throttle controller according to the invention includes a rectangular base having a shaft pivotally mounted thereon with a potentiometer having a stem connected to the shaft for sensing the position of the shaft. A cable is connected to the potentiometer for transmitting the sensed position to the video game. A handle is disposed along one side of the base and connected to a first end of the shaft for pivotally moving the shaft responsive to angular movement of the handle. The handle is comprised of two parts. A vertical handle member connected to the shaft and perpendicular thereto and a handle portion connected to the vertical handle member, which extends over the base and adapted to receive a user's hand. The shaft is mounted on the base by means of circular bearings that are received in a bearing mounts on the base. A braking mechanism is frictionally engaged with the shaft for adjusting the resistance of the handle to pivotal movement.

Abstract: A video game/simulator system in a personal computer (PC) with game port and keyboard port includes a joystick includes a base and a joystick handle pivotally mounted on the base for two-dimensional movement. The joystick controller is connectable to both the game port of the personal computer and to the keyboard port via a second, throttle controller. The throttle and joystick controller inputs are reconfigurable to work with different video game/simulator programs by downloading a new set of keycodes from the personal computer via the keyboard port to a microcontroller and nonvolatile memory in the throttle controller. The throttle and joystick controller have variable inputs which can be input to the PC in either analog or digital form. The digital inputs can be calibrated by changing their corresponding keycodes. A multi-stage trigger switch is hingedly mounted on the joystick for actuation by a user's index finger.

Abstract: A video golf system responsive to a user swinging a golf club is described. The system includes a video golf game operating on a personal computer having a monitor, a microprocessor, and a serial port. A golf club swing sensing system is coupled to the personal computer through the serial port of the personal computer. The sensing system is mounted on a pad and includes a linear array of photodetectors for detecting a club head offset angle relative to a desired club head axis by sensing reflected light off the underside of the club head. An analog comparator coupled to each photodetector converts the offset to a digital format. A microcontroller samples the digital offset data and processes the data into a form of information required by the personal computer. An input cable coupled between an output of the microcontroller and the serial port transmits the information to the personal computer.

Abstract: A video game controller, for inputting command signals to a game port having a finite number of discrete and analog signal inputs, provides a plurality of additional discrete outputs multiplexed on one of the analog outputs. This controller has a plurality of parallel switches each coupled to the one analog output via a different value resistance. Circuitry in the game board in combination with programming in the video game or simulation software recognizes discrete voltage levels input from the controller via the one analog port as different discrete commands. This enables the range of commands that can be input from a video game controller to be substantially increased without making any change to the base computer hardware.

Abstract: A joystick controller for a video simulation system having a geared potentiometer actuation mechanism. The joystick controller comprises a base, a handle mounted on an actuation shaft, and first and second gimbals pivotally mounted on the base by pivot members for rotational movement about respective axes. The joystick shaft is coupled to the first and second gimbals so that the gimbals rotate about their corresponding axes responsive to movement of the joystick handle. Each gimbal has a corresponding potentiometer for sensing the rotational movement thereof. The first gimbal has a first gear connected thereto for rotational movement therewith. The corresponding potentiometer is mounted on the base opposite the first gear and a second gear is connected to the stem of the potentiometer such that the second gear is in tooth engagement with the first gear. A similar gearing configuration is used to couple the second gimbal to the corresponding potentiometer.

Abstract: A reconfigurable video game/simulator system including a personal computer, a video display, a keyboard, and one or more game controllers including a throttle controller. The keyboard is coupled to the throttle controller as are the other game controllers. The throttle controller is coupled to the computer through a keyboard interface port. During a functional mode, the throttle controller receives inputs from the controllers and the keyboard and transmits a corresponding input keycode. During a reconfiguration mode, the user inputs the desired keycodes into the computer, either by inputting them by the keyboard or selecting a preexisting configuration file stored on the computer. The reconfiguration keycodes are then downloaded to the throttle controller over the keyboard interface. The throttle controller receives the reconfiguration keycodes and stores them in a non-volatile memory located within the controller.

Abstract: A connector having a horizontal channel member and a vertical channel member connected to the horizontal channel member. The vertical member has a lengthwise hole formed therein for receiving a screw. The vertical channel member is connected at a midpoint of the horizontal channel member such that the vertical channel member and the horizontal channel member form a T-shape protrusion. The vertical and the horizontal channel member are attached to a backplate which circumscribes the members. The connector is inserting into a T-shaped channel in a perimeter edge of a second sheet of composite material. A hole formed in a first sheet is positioned over the hole in the connector and a screw is driven into both holes firmly attaching the first sheet to the second sheet.