Abstract: A urea production plant including a synthesis and recovery section has a first evaporation section connected with the synthesis and recovery section and a first condensation section. A granulation section is connected to the first evaporation section. A scrubbing section is connected to the granulation section. A second evaporation section is connected to the scrubbing section. The second evaporation section is connected to the granulation section. A second condensation section is connected to the second evaporation section. A quenching section includes a liquid inlet for the distribution of a quenching liquid is located and connected between the granulation section and the scrubbing section and the quenching section is connected to a quenching liquid providing section and the second condensation section.

Abstract: A fluidized bed cooler for cooling a urea-containing granular material may include a cooler chamber having a product inlet opening, a product outlet opening, a perforated plate disposed in the cooler chamber, and at least one cooling medium entry opening disposed beneath the perforated plate. The product inlet opening may be disposed above the perforated plate, and a baffle plate may be disposed between the product inlet opening and the perforated plate. A distributor plate may be disposed between the baffle plate and the perforated plate. An area of the distributor plate may be 10% to 50% greater than an area of the baffle plate.

Abstract: A method for producing a fertilizer that comprises urea and/or at least one ammonium compound may involve obtaining ammonia as an impurity in the production process, and photocatalytically decomposing the ammonia by irradiation with UV radiation. Further, an apparatus for producing fertilizer granules that comprise urea and/or at least one ammonium compound may include a plant section having a fertilizer granulator configured to produce the fertilizer granules, a supply line configured to pass a urea melt or a concentrated urea solution to the plant section, a UV lamp arrangement that is proximate the supply line and is configured to irradiate with UV radiation the urea melt or the concentrated urea solution flowing in the supply line.

Abstract: A fluidized bed granulator for production of urea-containing or nitrate-containing granules may include a granulator interior having granulator interior walls with a first granulator side wall, a second granulator side wall, a granulator front wall that extends transversely to the granulator side walls, and a granulator back wall that likewise extends transversely at the opposite end of the granulator interior from the granulator front wall, a horizontal perforated plate that bounds the granulator interior in a downward direction, a seed entry opening, and a granule exit opening that is disposed at a distance in front of the granulator back wall. A process for producing urea-containing or nitrate-containing granules may utilize the fluidized bed granulator.

Abstract: A fluid-bed granulator system for producing fertilizer granules with a defined size including a fluid-bed granulator, a first cooler externally connected with the fluid-bed granulator or forming an internal part of the fluid-bed granulator, and a product screen connected with the first cooler. The product screen includes an exit for on-size particles; an exit for oversized particles and an exit for undersized particles. The exit for undersized particles is connected to the fluid-bed granulator and the exit for oversized particles is connected to the fluid-bed granulator via one or more crushers. The exit for on-size particles is connected to a first splitter. The first splitter is connected to the fluid-bed granulator and a post processing unit. A particle size analyzer is located between the fluid-bed granulator and the product screen.

Abstract: A spray nozzle for production of urea fertilizer granules and/or urea-sulfur fertilizer granules has a conveying channel and an atomizing gas channel. The conveying channel has at least one separating pin and the atomizing channel has at least one swirl element. The swirl element has inserts, cutouts and moving and fixed elements. The disclosure also sets out a fluidized bed granulator with a spray nozzle for production of a urea-sulfur fertilizer, a process for producing a urea-sulfur fertilizer, and the use of the spray nozzle for production of fertilizer granules.

Abstract: A fluid-bed granulator system may include a fluid-bed granulator, a scrubber unit, and a connection-duct between an air vent opening of the fluid-bed granulator and the scrubber unit. An inner surface of the connection-duct may be at least partially coated with an anti-adhesion layer. The system may further include a granulator space inside the fluid-bed granulator, a perforated plate disposed inside the granulator space, spray nozzles disposed at the perforated plate, a fluidization air inlet, supply lines for atomization air connected to the spray nozzles, supply lines for a liquid melt connected to the spray nozzles, a granulation seeds inlet, a granulator outlet opening, and an air vent opening. A disclosed urea granulation plant may utilize the fluid-bed granulator system.

Abstract: A fluid-bed granulator system with adjustable cooling includes a fluid-bed granulator. A first cooler is externally connected to the fluid-bed granulator or forms an internal part of the fluid-bed granulator. A product screen is connected to the first cooler and the fluid-bed granulator. The product screen includes an exit for final on-size product particles, an exit for oversized particles, and an exit for undersized particles. The exit for the undersized particles is connected to the fluid-bed granulator and the exit for the oversized particles is connected to the fluid-bed granulator via one or more crushers. A recycle cooler is located and connected between the fluid-bed granulator and the exit for undersized particles and/or the recycle cooler is located between the fluid-bed granulator and the exit for the oversized particles. The recycle cooler is connected to the fluid-bed granulator via one or more recycle inlets.

Abstract: A urea production plant including a synthesis and recovery section has a first evaporation section connected with the synthesis and recovery section and a first condensation section. A granulation section is connected to the first evaporation section. A scrubbing section is connected to the granulation section. A second evaporation section is connected to the scrubbing section. The second evaporation section is connected to the granulation section. A second condensation section is connected to the second evaporation section. A quenching section includes a liquid inlet for the distribution of a quenching liquid is located and connected between the granulation section and the scrubbing section and the quenching section is connected to a quenching liquid providing section and the second condensation section.

Abstract: A fluidized bed cooler for cooling a urea-containing granular material may include a cooler chamber having a product inlet opening, a product outlet opening, a perforated plate disposed in the cooler chamber, and at least one cooling medium entry opening disposed beneath the perforated plate. The product inlet opening may be disposed above the perforated plate, and a baffle plate may be disposed between the product inlet opening and the perforated plate. A distributor plate may be disposed between the baffle plate and the perforated plate. An area of the distributor plate may be 10% to 50% greater than an area of the baffle plate.

Abstract: A particulate, urea-containing composition and use of an additive for producing a particulate, urea-containing composition and methods of producing a particulate, urea-containing composition.

Abstract: A process for purifying exhaust air from a granulation plant for producing a urea-containing granulate includes contacting a gas stream containing a urea-containing dust and ammonia with a sulfuric acid solution or a nitric acid solution in a scrubbing process. The scrubbing process involves scrubbing the gas stream with a first weakly acidic scrubbing solution in a first scrubbing stage and scrubbing the gas stream exiting the first scrubbing stage with a second scrubbing solution having a lower pH than the first weakly acidic scrubbing solution in a second scrubbing stage. The acidic scrubbing solution generated in the second scrubbing stage may be recycled into the first scrubbing stage via a conduit and used therein as the first weakly acidic scrubbing solution. A pre-scrubbing stage for scrubbing dust out of the gas stream may additionally be arranged upstream of the first scrubbing stage.

Abstract: A fluid-bed granulator system for producing fertilizer granules with a defined size including a fluid-bed granulator, a first cooler externally connected with the fluid-bed granulator or forming an internal part of the fluid-bed granulator, and a product screen connected with the first cooler. The product screen includes an exit for on-size particles; an exit for oversized particles and an exit for undersized particles. The exit for undersized particles is connected to the fluid-bed granulator and the exit for oversized particles is connected to the fluid-bed granulator via one or more crushers. The exit for on-size particles is connected to a first splitter. The first splitter is connected to the fluid-bed granulator and a post processing unit. A particle size analyzer is located between the fluid-bed granulator and the product screen.

Abstract: A process for purifying exhaust air from a granulation plant for producing a urea-containing granulate may involve causing a gas stream containing a urea-containing dust and ammonia to contact a sulfuric acid solution or a nitric acid solution in a scrubbing process. The scrubbing process may comprise scrubbing the gas stream with a first weakly acidic scrubbing solution in a first scrubbing stage and then scrubbing the gas stream exiting the first scrubbing stage with a second scrubbing solution having a lower pH than the first weakly acidic scrubbing solution in a second scrubbing stage. The acidic scrubbing solution generated in the second scrubbing stage may be recycled into the first scrubbing stage via a conduit and used therein as the first weakly acidic scrubbing solution. A pre-scrubbing stage where dust is scrubbed out of the gas stream may additionally be arranged upstream of the first scrubbing stage.

Abstract: A process for producing a NOx reductant AUS 32 solution (diesel exhaust fluid), including at least the mixing of water and a particulate composition including (i) urea and an additive comprising component (ii). The additive component is a combination of at least one polymer or oligomer containing amino groups and at least one functionalized polyvinyl compound, wherein the proportion by weight of component (i) in the particulate composition is >60% by weight and the proportion by weight of component (ii) in the particulate composition is <1% by weight and wherein a urea solution is obtained and the proportion by weight of component (i) in the urea solution obtained is between 31% by weight and 34% by weight.

Abstract: A particulate, urea-containing composition and use of an additive for producing a particulate, urea-containing composition and methods of producing a particulate, urea-containing composition.