Abstract: A carbon dioxide separation apparatus comprises an absorption apparatus and a desorption apparatus, wherein the absorption apparatus comprises a gas inlet for the gas to be purified and a gas outlet for the purified gas, wherein the absorption apparatus comprises an absorption solvent inlet and a solution outlet, wherein the desorption apparatus comprises at least one first solution inlet, an absorption solvent outlet, a hot solvent inlet and a carbon dioxide outlet, wherein the solution outlet is connected to the first solution inlet via a first solution conduit, wherein the first solution conduit comprises a first heat exchanger, wherein the absorption solvent outlet is connected to the absorption solvent inlet via an absorption solvent conduit, wherein the absorption solvent conduit comprises the first heat exchanger so that the heat of the solvent stream is transferred to the solution stream, wherein the absorption solvent conduit comprises a branch to a hot solvent conduit, wherein the hot solvent condui

Abstract: A carbon dioxide separation apparatus comprises an absorption apparatus and a desorption apparatus, wherein the absorption apparatus comprises a gas inlet for the gas to be purified and a gas outlet for the purified gas, wherein the absorption apparatus comprises an absorption solvent inlet and a solution outlet, wherein the desorption apparatus comprises at least one first solution inlet, an absorption solvent outlet, a hot solvent inlet and a carbon dioxide outlet, wherein the solution outlet is connected to the first solution inlet via a first solution conduit, wherein the first solution conduit comprises a first heat exchanger, wherein the absorption solvent outlet is connected to the absorption solvent inlet via an absorption solvent conduit, wherein the absorption solvent conduit comprises the first heat exchanger so that the heat of the solvent stream is transferred to the solution stream, wherein the absorption solvent conduit comprises a branch to a hot solvent conduit, wherein the hot solvent condui

Abstract: A method for closed-loop control of a chemical process may involve acquiring process data with sensors, transferring the process data to a control system via a fieldbus, transferring a subset of the process data to a computer system that includes a simulation program for stationary and dynamic process simulation of the chemical process, a closed-loop control program for implementing a closed-loop controller, and a memory for storing simulated state variables, cyclically repeatedly calculating and storing the simulated state variables of the chemical process by the simulation program from the subset of the process data, transferring a setpoint value of a control variable of the chemical process to the closed-loop control program, reading a subset of the simulated state variables for input into the closed-loop control program, ascertaining a manipulated variable to achieve the setpoint value by the closed-loop control program, and transferring the calculated manipulated variable to the control system.

Abstract: A method for processing material that contains cement rock may involve comminuting the material in a first comminuting device, feeding the material to a reactor in which the material is mixed with an aqueous liquid and CO2 and in which a mixing movement of the material is generated, and removing the material from the reactor and subdividing the material into at least two fractions by way of a classifying device. The temperature and the pressure in the reactor are maintained such that the pressure exceeds atmospheric pressure and such that the temperature is greater than 100° C. The method may further involve removing a withdrawal stream of the aqueous liquid from the reactor and separating and discharging suspended particles of the material from the withdrawal stream.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an aircraft and to a method using this aircraft to inspect equipment in coking plants for detecting sources of error. The aircraft has at least one inspection device for inspecting surfaces of the equipment that are to be inspected, and an airspace, distanced from one of the surfaces to be inspected, and at least one transmitting and receiving device for data communication with at least other aircraft or at least one external analysis device for detecting the sources of error. The method comprises converting the detected phototechnical and optical data, in particular 2D data, into a 3D thermal point cloud by means of a conversion unit of the analysis device.

Abstract: A gas scrubber may include an absorption apparatus configured for receiving a gas and absorbing the gas in an absorption medium, as well as an evaporation apparatus configured for evaporating at least a part of the liquid that is introduced. The absorption apparatus may have an introduction apparatus for the gas, an apparatus for circulating the absorption solution that has reacted with the gas, a discharge apparatus for at least a part of the absorption solution that has reacted with the gas, and a cooling system for the circulating absorption solution. The absorption apparatus and the evaporation apparatus can be connected via a heat exchanger such that heat content of the absorption solution that has reacted with the gas is used at least in part for the evaporation.

Abstract: A method can be used to cool bulk material in a fine material cooler. The method may involve admitting bulk material to be cooled into the fine material cooler through a material inlet, conveying the coarse material with a first mechanical or pneumatic conveying unit, and conveying the fine material with a second conveying unit in a conveying direction through the fine material cooler to a material outlet. The bulk material may have a fine material proportion of 70% to 95% and a coarse material proportion of 5% to 30%. The fine material may have a grain size of 10-5 mm to 4 mm, and the coarse material may have a grain size of 4 mm to 100 mm.

Abstract: Processes and plants for producing cement clinker, in which an oxygen-containing gas having a proportion of 15% by volume or less of nitrogen and a proportion of 50% by volume or more of oxygen is conveyed from a first section of the cooler directly adjoining the top of the furnace into the rotary furnace and is optionally additionally conveyed to the calciner, and where the total gas streams fed in to the combustion processes consist to an extent of more than 50% by volume (preferably more than 85% by volume) of oxygen.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a process for feeding firing units of a steam reformer with a second fuel gas and a first flue gas, wherein the first flue gas is generated in an external combustion chamber arranged outside the steam reformer and upstream of the steam reformer by combustion of a first fuel gas with air and, together with the second fuel gas, introduced into the firing units of the steam reformer for firing, wherein the first flue gas has a residual oxygen content sufficient for the firing. The disclosure also relates to a steam reforming plant for performing such a process.

Abstract: A process for producing sulfuric acid and cement clinker may use calcium sulfate that is formed as a solid by-product and separated off in phosphoric acid production in a reaction of raw phosphate with sulfuric acid to form phosphoric acid. The process comprises treating calcium sulfate separated from the phosphoric acid with an acid to obtain a suspension comprising purified calcium sulfate, separating the purified calcium sulfate in solid form from the liquid phase of the suspension, mixing the purified calcium sulfate with admixtures and reducing agents to obtain a raw meal mixture for cement clinker production, burning the raw meal mixture to obtain the cement clinker, with formation of sulfur dioxide as offgas, and subjecting the sulfur dioxide formed to offgas purification and feeding the sulfur dioxide as raw material to sulfuric acid production to produce the sulfuric acid. The sulfuric acid produced may be used as starting material in phosphoric acid production.

Abstract: A process may involve digesting raw phosphate with concentrated sulfuric acid and converting the raw phosphate to calcium sulfate in the form of dihydrate and/or hemihydrate, and phosphoric acid, separating off calcium sulfate as solid from a liquid phase of a suspension that is obtained, treating the calcium sulfate that is separated off or from a stockpile with an acid to give a suspension with purified calcium sulfate and P2O5-containing acid solution, separating off the purified calcium sulfate as solid from a liquid phase of a suspension obtained, using the P2O5-containing liquid phase as a portion of the sulfuric acid required for digesting the raw phosphate or as feedstock for treating phosphogypsum from the stockpile to give a suspension of purified calcium sulfate and P2O5-containing acid solution, which is thereafter processed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing vinyl chloride by catalytic thermal cracking of 1,2-dichloroethane, in which method the heat required for the thermal cracking is supplied via a liquid or condensing heat transfer medium. The present invention also relates to a plant for preparing vinyl chloride by catalytic thermal cracking of 1,2-dichloroethane, in which the heat required for the thermal cracking, as well as for the preceding preheating, evaporation and optionally overheating of the 1,2-dichloroethane, is supplied via a liquid or condensing heat transfer medium, said plant comprising at least one reactor in which the thermal cracking takes place and at least one first heating device by means of which heat is transported to the reaction medium in the reactor by means of the liquid or condensing heat transfer medium.

Abstract: Processes and plants for producing cement clinker, wherein no recirculation of preheater exhaust gases occurs and the ratio of solid fed in to exhaust gas in the preheater is set to greater than 1.0 kg of solid to gas.

Abstract: A system suitable for oxidizing ammonia with oxygen in the presence of catalysts is described. The system includes a reactor equipped with at least one supply line for a reactant gas mixture and at least one discharge line for a process gas; a catalyst comprising at least one transition metal oxide that is not an oxide of a platinum metal; and a device for adjusting a molar ratio of oxygen to ammonia of less than or equal to 1.75 mol/mol in the reactant gas mixture by mixing an oxygen-containing gas stream having an O2 content of <20% by volume with a chosen amount of ammonia. The oxygen-containing gas stream is produced by a device for: diluting an air stream with a gas stream comprising less than 20% by volume oxygen; or depleting oxygen from an oxygen-containing gas mixture, preferably from air; or by a combination thereof.

Abstract: A reactor may have a catalyst bed for the catalytic treatment of a gas stream, with the catalyst bed extending substantially over a cross section of the reactor. Gas to be treated may axially fly through the catalyst bed. A carrier structure for the catalyst bed that is at least partly floatingly mounted in the reactor may include a sieve element and, radially outwardly, carrier elements fixedly joined to the reactor wall below the sieve element. The sieve element provides a resting surface for the catalyst bed. The sieve element terminates, radially outwardly, at a distance from the reactor wall. The carrier structure also includes support elements for the sieve element that are floatingly mounted in the reactor. An improved floating mounting is thus provided where not only the sieve element itself but also further parts of the carrier structure are mounted to prevent stresses due to thermal expansion.

Abstract: A method for calcining and cooling material such as carbonate rocks may be employed in a parallel-flow regenerative shaft kiln that has two shafts, which are operated alternately as a calcining shaft and as a regenerative shaft. Material flows through a preheating zone, a calcining zone, and a cooling zone to a product outlet. At least one gas flow is compressed by a high-pressure fan and introduced into the parallel-flow regenerative shaft kiln. The high-pressure fan is configured as an axial fan or as a radial fan, having an impeller through which flow takes place axially or radially. A parallel-flow regenerative shaft kiln may also be utilized to perform such methods.

Abstract: A cooler for cooling bulk material, such as cement clinker, for example, may include an aeration floor through which cooling gas can flow. The aeration floor may be configured to receive bulk material and to transport the bulk material in a conveying direction. The aeration floor comprises a plurality of conveying beams that are mounted so as to be movable in the conveying direction and counter to the conveying direction. A seal is mounted between two adjacent conveying beams, and the seal has at least two sealing elements mounted so as to be movable relative to one another. The sealing elements each have a sealing profile, which interact with one another such that a sealing gap is formed between them. The sealing gap has a double or multiple U-profile.

Abstract: A plant complex may include a unit that produces CO2-containing gases, a gas conducting system for CO2-containing gases, a gas/liquid separation system, a reformer that is connected to the gas conducting system and where the CO2-containing gas reacts with H2 and/or hydrocarbons to give a CO— and H2-containing synthesis gas mixture. The reformer is connected to a reactor for producing higher alcohols in which the synthesis gas mixture reacts with H2 to give a gas/liquid mixture containing higher alcohols. For separating off the alcohols of the gas/liquid mixture, the gas/liquid separation system is connected to the reactor for producing higher alcohols.

Abstract: A process can be used for recovering 1-methoxy-2-propanol and 2-methoxy-1-propanol from an aqueous effluent stream by liquid-liquid-extraction, followed by extractive distillation, distillation of methoxypropanols from the extraction solvent, and distillative separation of the methoxypropanol isomers. Recovered extraction solvent is recycled to the extraction and extractive distillation. Heat transfer from recovered extraction solvent to the extract fed to the extractive distillation reduces energy demand of the process. A facility for this process contains a countercurrent extraction column, an extractive distillation column, a solvent recovery distillation column, an isomer separation distillation column, and a heat exchanger for transferring heat from recovered extraction solvent to the extract fed to the extractive distillation.

Abstract: An installation for thermal treatment of free-floating raw material, in particular cement raw meal and/or mineral products, may include a riser line through which hot gases can flow. The riser line has at least one fuel inlet for introducing fuel into the riser line. The riser line has at least one raw meal inlet for introducing raw meal into the riser line, which raw meal inlet is arranged upstream of the fuel inlet in a flow direction of gas inside the riser line. Further, a method for thermal treatment of free-floating raw material may involve introducing fuel via a fuel inlet into a riser line for guiding hot gases and introducing raw meal into the riser line. The raw meal is introduced into the riser line upstream of the fuel inlet in the flow direction.