Abstract: A composition of matter including a fuel comprising one or more of isotopes of hydrogen or isotopes of lithium. The general binding reactions comprise electron-catalyzed chemical, molecular, or transmutation binding reactions. The composition also includes one or more reactants having an energy-releasing binding energy with the fuel. The fuel is associated with the general binding reactions with the one or more reactants. The composition additionally includes a reservoir capable of releasing one or more of molecular fuel or mono-atomic fuel when the reservoir is heated. The reservoir comprises one or more of the fuel or precursors to the fuel, such as a chemical form of fuel in the reservoir material. The composition further includes a fuel-cracking material capable of converting a fraction of the molecular fuel into mono-atomic fuel. The composition additionally includes a reaction crystallite on or in which general binding reactions are capable of being stimulated to occur.

Abstract: Some embodiments include systems to generate transient, elevated effective mass electron quasiparticles for transmuting radioactive fission products. Other embodiments of related systems and methods also are disclosed.

Abstract: Use of adsorption, desorption, particle injection and other means to excite electrons to a region on their band structure diagram near an inflection point were the transient effective mass is elevated proportional to the inverse of curvature. These transient heavy electrons may then cause transmutations similar to transmutations catalyzed by the muons used by Alvarez at UC Berkeley during 1956 in liquid hydrogen. The heavy electrons may also control chemical reactions.

Abstract: In some embodiments, energy is released by converting the bonding potential energy between two electropositive masses capable of forming a stable bond between them into the kinetic energy of an electron quasiparticle initially captured between them by the coulomb potential. The electron quasiparticles form transient bonds with delocalized ions and other reactants in or on a reaction particle where reaction rates and branches are controlled by the choice of electron quasiparticle effective mass. Methods and apparatus for stimulating and controlling such association reactions are shown and described. Thermionic and semiconductor methods and apparatus convert the electron quasiparticle energy directly into electricity. Other embodiments are disclosed.