Abstract: A desulfation device 10 drives its switching circuit 140 by using a pulse wave drive signal having a pulse width of 1.6 ?sec and a frequency of 20000 Hz. The switching circuit 140 is switched on to allow extraction of electric current of 500 mA from a battery via a resistor R1, while being switched off to stop the extraction of electric current. When the switching circuit 140 is switched off, a back electromotive force and a reverse current of 500 mA are supplied to the battery. The supplied reverse current is negative current in the form of spikes. This electric current acts on electrodes of the battery and thereby enables removal of sulfation on the electrodes of the battery, while reducing a temperature increase of the desulfation device 10 during its operation.

Abstract: A desulfation device 10 drives its switching circuit 140 by using a pulse wave drive signal having a pulse width of 1.6 ?sec and a frequency of 20000 Hz. The switching circuit 140 is switched on to allow extraction of electric current of 500 mA from a battery via a resistor R1, while being switched off to stop the extraction of electric current. When the switching circuit 140 is switched off, a back electromotive force and a reverse current of 500 mA are supplied to the battery. The supplied reverse current is negative current in the form of spikes. This electric current acts on electrodes of the battery and thereby enables removal of sulfation on the electrodes of the battery, while reducing a temperature increase of the desulfation device 10 during its operation.

Abstract: The lead sulfate (PbSO4) deposited on the surface of the positive electrode 18 or negative electrode 20 is reduced owing to the flow of the pulsating direct current from the positive electrode 18 toward the negative electrode 20 in the sullation removing step 34, while at the same time the positive electrode 18 of the lead-acid storage battery 10 is activated through the electrochemical doping in which the carbon suspension obtained by the electrolytic oxidation of the carbon positive electrode is used as at least a part of the battery electrolyte of the lead-acid storage battery 10 in the electrode activating step 40.

Abstract: A chain-like toy made of a plurality of isosceles triangular hollow prism units that are connected serially with one another at slanted side planes thereof by means of a connecting rod interposed with a resilient member, each unit being connected rotatably for an angle of 360.degree. so that various shapes of things can be simulated by rotating each of the triangular hollow prisms.