Abstract: The present invention provides a thermoplastic cement composition, characterized in that the composition can be easily processed thermoplastically during molding and that when the cement component constituting the composition is hardened by the absorption of water, the composition loses its thermoplasticity to give a product having excellent heat resistance and other properties.The thermoplastic cement composition comprises 100 parts by weight of a thermoplastic, 50 to 600 parts by weight of a hydraulic cement and/or an air-hardening cement and 0.1 to 20 parts by weight of a hydrophilic substance.