Abstract: A carbon dioxide recovery device provided with a separation device that separates carbon dioxide from to-be-separated gas (for example, combustion exhaust gas) containing carbon dioxide, wherein: in order from the upstream side where the to-be-separated gas is supplied, the separation device and carbon dioxide sublimators, which sublimate (solidify) carbon dioxide that was separated in the separation device, are connected in series, refrigerant circuits in which a fluid having cold heat serves as the refrigerant, are connected to the carbon dioxide sublimators, and the refrigerant is used to sublimate (solidify) the carbon dioxide; and when the carbon dioxide is sublimated (solidified), the carbon dioxide sublimators are depressurized and set to negative pressure so as to draw in the carbon dioxide separated at the separation device.

Abstract: A latent-heat storage material composition includes: a latent-heat storage material for storing or releasing heat by utilizing absorption or release of latent heat in association with phase change; and additives mixed with the latent-heat storage material. The additives can adjust a property of the latent-heat storage material. The additives include a first additive, which is a water-soluble substance belonging to polysaccharides and is gellan gum, which is also a thickener for increasing the viscosity of a melt of the latent-heat storage material composition in a liquid phase state, based on interaction of the thickener with water contained in the latent-heat storage material composition and cations. The content of the gellan gum is 1 wt % or less of the weight of the whole latent-heat storage material composition.

Abstract: In a latent heat storage material composition prepared by mixture of a latent heat storage material with an additive that adjusts the physical properties of the latent heat storage material, the latent heat storage material includes an inorganic salt hydrate containing nw (2?nw) molecules of hydration water. The additive is a melting point modifier for adjusting the melting point of the latent heat storage material and is a substance belonging to a sugar alcohol, and is a substance having the physical property of producing negative dissolution heat upon dissolution in hydration water contained in the latent heat storage material. In a whole amount of the latent heat storage material composition, the substance belonging to a sugar alcohol has a concentration that satisfies formulae (1) and (2) per 1 mole of water of hydration of the latent heat storage material. Formula (2): 0.01?xs?1.

Abstract: A latent-heat storage material composition includes: a latent-heat storage material for storing or releasing heat by utilizing absorption or release of latent heat in association with phase change; and additives mixed with the latent-heat storage material. The additives can adjust a property of the latent-heat storage material. The additives include a first additive, which is a water-soluble substance belonging to polysaccharides and is gellan gum, which is also a thickener for increasing the viscosity of a melt of the latent-heat storage material composition in a liquid phase state, based on interaction of the thickener with water contained in the latent-heat storage material composition and cations. The content of the gellan gum is 1 wt % or less of the weight of the whole latent-heat storage material composition.

Abstract: In a latent heat storage material composition prepared by mixture of a latent heat storage material with an additive that adjusts the physical properties of the latent heat storage material, the latent heat storage material includes an inorganic salt hydrate containing nw (2?nw) molecules of hydration water. The additive is a melting point modifier for adjusting the melting point of the latent heat storage material and is a substance belonging to a sugar alcohol, and is a substance having the physical property of producing negative dissolution heat upon dissolution in hydration water contained in the latent heat storage material. In a whole amount of the latent heat storage material composition, the substance belonging to a sugar alcohol has a concentration that satisfies formulae (1) and (2) per 1 mole of water of hydration of the latent heat storage material. Formula (2): 0.01?xs?1.

Abstract: A powder material for a fuel electrode of a solid oxide fuel cell is provided, along with a fuel electrode for a solid oxide fuel cell prepared by sintering the fuel electrode powder material, and a solid oxide fuel cell including the fuel electrode. The fuel electrode powder material includes a nickel based powder material containing at least one of nickel and nickel oxide and at least one of titanium oxide (IV) and a titanium source capable of changing into titanium oxide (IV) by heat treatment in air.

Abstract: A single cell for SOFC operating at low temperatures is provided, including a first solid electrolyte with oxide ion conductivity at 800° C. of 0.015 S/cm or more and bending strength of 600 MPa or more, a fuel electrode and bonded to one side of the first electrolyte, comprised of a cermet of a catalyst and a second solid electrolyte with a conductivity of 0.08 S/cm or more, and an air electrode bonded to the other side of the first electrolyte comprised of a compound of first perovskite type oxide with a third solid electrolyte. The electrodes are coated with fuel and air electrode contact layers, respectively.

Abstract: A single cell for SOFC operating at low temperatures is provided, including a first solid electrolyte with oxide ion conductivity at 800° C. of 0.015 S/cm or more and bending strength of 600 MPa or more, a fuel electrode and bonded to one side of the first electrolyte, comprised of a cermet of a catalyst and a second solid electrolyte with a conductivity of 0.08 S/cm or more, and an air electrode bonded to the other side of the first electrolyte comprised of a compound of first perovskite type oxide with a third solid electrolyte. The electrodes are coated with fuel and air electrode contact layers, respectively.

Abstract: A single cell for SOFC operating at low temperatures, is provided, including a first solid electrolyte with oxide ion conductivity at 800° C. of 0.015 S/cm or more and bending strength of 600 MPa or more, a fuel electrode and bonded to one side of the first electrolyte, comprised of a cermet of a catalyst and a second solid electrolyte with a conductivity of 0.08 S/cm or more, and an air electrode bonded to the other side of the first electrolyte comprised of a compound of first perovskite type oxide with a third solid electrolyte. The electrodes are coated with fuel and air electrode contact layers, respectively.

Abstract: A single cell for a solid oxide fuel cell and a solid oxide fuel cell using the same practicable and excellent in generation performance and durability, wherein a fuel electrode including a cermet of a catalyst and a second solid electrolyte with oxide ion conductivity at 1000° C. of 0.20 S/cm or more is bonded to one side of a solid electrolyte plate with the conductivity of 0.07 S/cm or more and bending strength of 700 MPa or more, and an air electrode including a compound of perovskite type transition metal oxide with a third solid electrolyte is bonded to the other side. A surface of the fuel electrode is coated with a layer, and an air electrode surface is coated with a layer, and an aqueous solution where a noble metal compound is dissolved in water is impregnated into the air electrode.

Abstract: A material for a fuel electrode of a solid oxide fuel cell with which volume change of the fuel electrode can be reduced as compared to the conventional one even if the fuel electrode is exposed to an oxidation-reduction cycle, a fuel electrode for a solid oxide fuel cell prepared by sintering the fuel electrode material, and a solid oxide fuel cell capable of stably maintaining power generation even if a fuel electrode thereof is exposed to an oxidation-reduction cycle. The fuel electrode material includes a material powder containing at least one of nickel and nickel oxide, wherein the material powder further contains at least one of titanium oxide (IV) and a titanium source capable of changing into titanium oxide (IV) by heat treatment in air. The fuel electrode material is sintered to prepare the fuel electrode, which is provided for the solid oxide fuel cell.

Abstract: A single cell for SOFC operating at low temperatures, excellent in generating performance and reliability even in a low-temperature region of the order of 600 to 900° C., and in adhesion to a separator with low current-collecting loss when used in SOFC. The cell has a first solid electrolyte with oxide ion conductivity at 800° C. of 0.015 S/cm or more and bending strength of 600 MPa or more, a fuel electrode comprised of a cermet of a catalyst and a second solid electrolyte with the conductivity of 0.08 S/cm or more, bonded to one side of the first electrolyte, and an air electrode comprised of a compound of first perovskite type oxide with a third solid electrolyte, bonded to the other side optionally via an intermediate layer comprised of a fourth solid electrolyte, and the electrodes are preferably coated with fuel and air electrode contact layers, respectively.

Abstract: The present invention intends to provide a solid oxide fuel cell having a supported electrolyte film, which shows sufficiently high reliability, yields a high output, and exhibits high output power density per unit volume. The present invention is characterized by use of a first cermet comprising catalyst and a second solid electrolyte, which has a bending strength of more than 500 MPa and exhibits oxide ion conductivity, for a fuel electrode substrate in an SOFC having a supported electrolyte film equipped with an electrolyte-electrode assembly that is made by bonding the fuel electrode substrate and an air electrode on both sides of an electrolyte film consisting of the first solid electrolyte capable of exhibiting oxide ion conductivity. As a preferred embodiment, stabilized zirconia containing 2 to 4 mol % yttria or 3 to 6 mol % scandia is preferred for the second solid electrolyte.

Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell in which the catalytic activity of a fuel electrode is high and in which no poisoning by carbon occurs even when internal reforming is performed under a condition of a low S/C ratio and further in which the time course degradation of the fuel electrode is less when internal reforming is performed. In a solid oxide fuel cell having an oxide ion conductive solid electrolyte, and a fuel electrode and an air electrode connected to both faces thereof, a cermet of a catalyst and of the second solid electrolyte whose oxide ion conductivity is more than or equal to 0.2 S/cm at 1000 ° C. is used as the fuel electrode. More specifically, it is desirable that the second solid electrolyte is scandia-stabilized zirconia (ScSZ) containing 9 to 12 mol % of scandia. In addition, the second solid electrolyte may further be ScSZ containing yttria or ceria less than or equal to 2 mol %.

Abstract: A single cell for a solid oxide fuel cell and a solid oxide fuel cell using the same practicable and excellent in generation performance and durability, wherein a fuel electrode including a cermet of a catalyst and a second solid electrolyte with oxide ion conductivity at 1000° C. of 0.20 S/cm or more is bonded to one side of a solid electrolyte plate with the conductivity of 0.07 S/cm or more and bending strength of 700 MPa or more, and an air electrode including a compound of perovskite type transition metal oxide with a third solid electrolyte is bonded to the other side. A surface of the fuel electrode is coated with a layer, and an air electrode surface is coated with a layer, and an aqueous solution where a noble metal compound is dissolved in water is impregnated into the air electrode.

Abstract: A method for estimating the life of an apparatus under a random stress amplitude variation, involving determining a probability density function of a cumulated damage quantity and estimating the life of the apparatus on the basis of the probability density function, characterized by: approximating a damage coefficient indicative of a damage quantity per unit by a linear expression when the random stress amplitude variation is in a narrow band; and representing the random stress amplitude variation &sgr;(t)(instantaneous) in terms of the sum of a time averaged value &sgr;(t)(mean) and a stochastic variation &sgr;′.

Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell in which the catalytic activity of a fuel electrode is high and in which no poisoning by carbon occurs even when internal reforming is performed under a condition of a low S/C ratio and further in which the time course degradation of the fuel electrode is less when internal reforming is performed. In a solid oxide fuel cell having an oxide ion conductive solid electrolyte, and a fuel electrode and an air electrode connected to both faces thereof, a cermet of a catalyst and of the second solid electrolyte whose oxide ion conductivity is more than or equal to 0.2 S/cm at 1000° C. is used as the fuel electrode. More specifically, it is desirable that the second solid electrolyte is scandia-stabilized zirconia (ScSZ) containing 9 to 12 mol % of scandia. In addition, the second solid electrolyte may further be ScSZ containing yttria or ceria less than or equal to 2 mol %.

Abstract: The present invention intends to provide a solid oxide fuel cell having a supported electrolyte film, which shows sufficiently high reliability, yields a high output, and exhibits high output power density per unit volume. The present invention is characterized by use of a first cermet comprising catalyst and a second solid electrolyte, which has a bending strength of more than 500 MPa and exhibits oxide ion conductivity, for a fuel electrode substrate in an SOFC having a supported electrolyte film equipped with an electrolyte-electrode assembly that is made by bonding the fuel electrode substrate and an air electrode on both sides of an electrolyte film consisting of the first solid electrolyte capable of exhibiting oxide ion conductivity. As a preferred embodiment, stabilized zirconia containing 2 to 4 mol % yttria or 3 to 6 mol % scandia is preferred for the second solid electrolyte.

Abstract: A method for estimating the life of an apparatus under a random stress amplitude variation, involving determining a probability density function of a cumulated damage quantity and estimating the life of the apparatus on the basis of the probability density function, characterized by: approximating a damage coefficient indicative of a damage quantity per unit by a linear expression when the random stress amplitude variation is in a narrow band; and representing the random stress amplitude variation &sgr;(t)(instantaneous) in terms of the sum of a time averaged value &sgr;(t)(mean) and a stochastic variation &sgr;′.

Abstract: A drawing device 4 is mounted in a drawing shaft 3, and pipe replacement device A connected with new pipes is arranged on the side of starting shaft 2, wherein the drawing device 4 and the pipe replacement device A is connected through pull-rods 5 inserted into existing pipes with each other. The pipe replacement device A is comprised of a cutting part 11 including cutter bodies 14 (shanks 14a to 14i) arranged in the axial direction and at angular intervals in the circumferential direction, an expanding part 12 having expanding rollers 18a to 18f, and a connecting part 13. Each cutter body 14 has a plurality of cutting edges, wherein distances between the respective cutting edges and the center of the circle become larger in order from the forward side toward the backward side. While the pipe replacement device A is traveled in the inside of cast iron pipes, the inner wall of cast iron pipes is cut by the cutter bodies 14 to form grooves.