Abstract: The present invention relates to a pile foundation includes: a pile that extends in a vertical direction and that supports a tower structure, a pile head protruding above the ground, and a lower end of the pile being open; and a ground improving body that, in a state in which the pile has been driven into the ground, is provided inside the pile, and at least a part of the ground improving body being in close contact with an inner peripheral surface of the pile.

Abstract: A prediction portion predicts states including a water level of the wave at a prediction subject location. In a case in which inputs of the flow velocity in a line-of-sight direction of the wave at each observation location have been received, an estimation portion estimates states of waves including the water level thereof at the prediction subject location. The estimation of the states is based on a difference between the flow velocity in a line-of-sight direction of the wave at each input observation location, and the flow velocity in a line-of-sight direction of the wave at each input observation location obtained by converting states of the wave using an observation matrix. A determination portion causes the predictions of the states and the estimation of the states to be repeated until predetermined conditions have been satisfied.

Abstract: A pile foundation (10) including: a pile (24) that extends in a vertical direction, and whose pile head (24A) protrudes above the ground (26), and that supports a tower-type structure (14), and a floor slab (28) that is installed on the ground (20), and is fixed to the pile head (24A), and that transmits force that is acting on the pile (24) to the ground (20).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pile foundation including: a pile that extends in a vertical direction, and whose pile head protrudes above the ground, and that supports a tower-type structure, and ribs that are provided at the pile in a vicinity of a surface of the ground, and that protrude outwardly in radial directions from an outer circumferential surface of the pile.

Abstract: In a composite sealing material having an inner portion and a carbon outer portion, a bulk density of the carbon outer portion is set in a range of 0.3.about.2.0 g/cm.sup.3, preferably in a range of 0.5.about.1.5 g/cm.sup.3, or fiber members are mixed in the carbon outer portion, or an oil layer is arranged on the carbon outer portion, or an organic layer or an inorganic layer is arranged on the carbon outer portion, so as to improve sealing properties of sealing members formed by using the composite sealing materials.

Abstract: A sealing member, comprising a discrete material including a plurality of individual pellets, each pellet comprising a core and a carbon based coating thereon, the plurality of individual pellets being aggregated and pressed together. Additionally, a method for forming the sealing member is provided.