Abstract: The composition comprises highly nutritious powder of gourd fruit which is available as solid nutritious food or nutritious beverages. The gourd powder composition contains the powder of gourd fruit, creaming syrup and/or L-ascorbic acid. The other nutritious ingredient can be added if necessary. When supplied as beverages, the foaming agents can be added thereto. The L-ascorbic acid is used mainly for the purpose of removing the grassy-smelling peculiar to the gourd. The creaming syrup is used to have the powder of gourd fruit deflocculated in the liquid. If the foaming agents are added thereto, the powder of gourd fruit is more easily deflocculated in the liquid and the cooling beverage like cream soda can be made.

Abstract: Pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidine derivatives of the general formula [I] and their physiologically acceptable salts are provided: ##STR1## where R is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a methyl group, and n is 0, 1 or 2. The pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidine derivatives and their salts exhibit an excellent antagonistic effect on slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis and, therefore, are useable for the treatment of allergic diseases.

Abstract: A surfactant having the capacity of reducing the surface tension in pulmonary alveoli significantly is provided. The surfactant consists essentially of, based on the total weight of the surfactant, 50.6-85.0% of a chlorine phosphogylceride, 4.5-37.6% of an acid phospholipid, 4.6-24.6% of a fatty acid or its analogue and 0.1-10.0% of a lipoprotein derived from the lung of a mammal. These components cooperate to form a kind of film at a gas-liquid interface within pulmonary alveoli and reduce the surface tension. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the surfactant is useable for the clinical treatment of respiratory distress syndrome.

Abstract: A D-ribose-containing solution is produced in a high epimerization ratio, such as 60-94%, by epimerizing D-arabinose dissolved in an adequate solvent in the presence of a molybdic acid ion and a boric acid compound. The solution is useful as an inexpensive material on the industrial syntheses of vitamin B.sub.2 or nucleic acids.

Abstract: Novel 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives of the formula [I] are provided: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a C.sub.1-4 alkyl group or a C.sub.3-6 alkoxyalkyl group, R.sup.2 represents hydrogen or halogen, R.sup.3 is either nitro when R.sup.2 is hydrogen, or halogen when R.sup.2 is halogen, R.sup.4 represents a pyridyl group, a phenethyl group, an unsubstituted benzyl group, a substituted benzyl group having one or more suitable substituents, an unsubstituted phenyl group, or a substituted phenyl group having one or more suitable substituents, and A represents an unsubstituted hexamethylene group or a substituted hexamethylene group having one or two C.sub.1-3 alkyl groups. The 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives have vasodilating and hypotensive activity which is kept for a long period, and are useful in the treatment of cardiovascular disease and hypertension.

Abstract: A surface active material having the capacity of reducing the surface tension in pulmonary alveoli significantly is provided. This material comprises, based on the dry weight of the material, 68.6-90.7% of phospholipid, 0.3-13.0% of neutral fat, 0.0-8.0% of total cholesterol, 1.0-27.7% of free fatty acids, 0.1-2.0% of carbohydrate, and 0.0-3.5% of protein. The material is produced by subjecting mammalian lung tissue to a series of procedures including acetic acid ester treatment, organic solvent mixture treatment, differential centrifugation, density gradient centrifugation and dialysis, and optionally adding a phosphatidylcholine, a neutral fat, and/or a free fatty acid to the resulting product. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the surface active material is usable for the clinical treatment of respiratory distress syndrome.

Abstract: Glucopyranose-nitrosourea compounds having lower alkyl group and/or 2-chloroethyl group as substituent(s), are produced at high yield by reacting amino-glucopyranose compounds having lower alkoxy group and/or amino group(s) (or an acid-added amino group) as substituent(s), with o-nitro- or o-cyano-phenyl N-substituted-N-nitrosocarbamate compounds having lower alkyl group or 2-chloroethyl group as substituent. 1-(Lower alkyl or 2-chloroethyl)-3-(D-glucopyranos-6-yl)-1-nitrosourea compounds included within the scope of the nitrosourea compounds are novel. The nitrosourea compounds produced by this invention all show antitumor activity, among which the novel compounds exhibit excellent physical and pharmacological properties.

Abstract: Certain alkyl amino-glucopyranoside are disclosed, including alkyl N-carbamyl-N'-(2-chloroethyl)-N'-nitroso-6-amino-6-deoxy-D-glucopyranoside , alkyl N-carbamyl-N'-(2-chloroethyl)-N'-nitroso-2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranoside , and alkyl di-N,N'-[N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitroso-carbamyl]-2,6-di-amino-2,6-di-deoxy-D -glucopyranoside. The alkyl amino-glucopryanoside exhibits marked antitumor activity while not having diabetogenic activity and bone marrow toxicity. The alkyl amino-glucopryanoside is further water soluble and free from antibacterial activity.