Abstract: Dissolution, partial dissolution or softening of cellulose in an ionic liquid (IL) and its subsequent contact with anti-solvent produces regenerated cellulose more amorphous in structure than native cellulose, which can be separated from the IL/anti-solvent mixture by mechanical means such as simple filtration or centrifugation. This altered morphology of IL-treated cellulose allows a greater number of sites for enzyme adsorption with a subsequent enhancement of its saccharification. The IL-treated cellulose exhibits significantly improved hydrolysis kinetics with optically transparent solutions formed after about two hours of reaction. This provides an opportunity for separation of products from the catalyst (enzyme) easing enzyme recovery. With an appropriate selection of enzymes, initial hydrolysis rates for IL-treated cellulose were up to two orders of magnitude greater than those of untreated cellulose.
Type:
Application
Filed:
January 13, 2010
Publication date:
September 16, 2010
Applicant:
Toledo, The University Of
Inventors:
Sasidhar Varanasi, Constance Ann Schall, Anantharam Prasad Dadi
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of reprogramming plant development that allows flower buds and seeds to arise de novo, directly from a cotyledon or radicle explants or from shoots produced on a cotyledon or radicle. The present invention also provides for an improved culturing media that provide for in vitro flowering.
Type:
Application
Filed:
October 17, 2008
Publication date:
February 26, 2009
Applicant:
University Of Toledo, A University Instrumentally Of The State Of Ohio
Inventors:
Sairam V. Rudrabhatla, Stephen L. Goldman