Abstract: Lead-free aviation fuel composition with a MON greater than 100, made up of a major component of a fuel made from Avgas and a minor component of at least two compounds from the group of esters of at least one mono-or poly-carboxylic acid and at least one mono- or polyol, anhydrides of a least one mono- or poly-carboxylic acid, preferably aromatic ethers at a level of at least 5% w/w and ketones at a level of more than 10% w/w.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for reducing fouling in a tube (1) through which a fluid passes. The inventive device comprises a mobile rotary element (3) and a fixed bearing-forming element (2) which can be solidly connected to the upstream end of the tube (1). In addition, the mobile element (3), which is connected to the fixed element (2), comprises an upstream trunnion-forming part (4) and a downstream turbulence-generating part (5) which is shaped such as to be rotated by the flow of the fluid in the tube (1). The aforementioned upstream (4) and downstream (5) parts are connected to one another by means of an elongated flexible connector (6) that is deformable along the entire length thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydrocarbon hydroprocessing catalyst comprising a support based on at least one refractory oxide, at least one metal from group VIII and at least one metal from group VIB. The inventive catalyst is characterised in that it also comprises at least one organic compound having formula (I) or (II) in which each R1 represents independently an alkyl group at C1-18, an alkenyl group at C2-18, an aryl group at C6-18, a cycloalkyl group at C3-8, an alkylaryl or arylalkyl group at C7-20, or the two R1 groups together form a divalent group at C2-18, and R2 represents an alkylene group at C1-18, an arylene group at C6-18, a cycloalkylene group at C3-7, or a combination of same. The invention also relates to a method of preparing one such catalyst and to the use thereof for hydroprocessing or hydrocracking.

Abstract: In a process for the conversion of carbon monoxide to C2+ hydrocarbons in the presence of hydrogen and of a catalyst comprising a metal and a support comprising silicon carbide, the support comprises more than 50% by weight of silicon carbide in the beta form. A process for the conversion of carbon monoxide to C2+ hydrocarbons in the presence of hydrogen and of a catalyst the effluent thus obtained are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for introducing solid particles into a vessel, in particular into a chemical reactor which comprises a pipe, preferably flexible and cylindrical, through which said particles flow from the top downward and is characterised in that it also comprises at least one helicoidal ramp (2) which is placed inside the pipe, wound around a central axis (2) and whose width is such that a distance between the external edge (4) of the ramp (2) and the pipe (1) is less than the size of introducible solid particles. A method using the inventive device is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the identification and characterization of a plant cyclopropane fatty acid synthase and the identification and cloning of the relevant gene sequence. The invention also relates to the use of that gene for the efficient production of cyclopropane fatty acids in an oilseed crop. The invention specifically relates to a cyclopropane fatty acid synthase from a plant in which the major cyclic fatty acids accumulated in the seed are cyclopropane fatty acids.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydrocarbon hydroconversion catalyst comprising a carrier based on refractory oxide, a metal of the group VIII, and a metal of the group VIB. Said catalyst is characterised in that it also comprises at least one organic compound selected from the alkene diols of formula (I) wherein R1 represents a C2-10 alkenylene group, preferably C2-4 alkenylene, a C6-18 arylene group, or a C7-18 alkylene-arylene group, and each R2 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a C1-18 alkyl group, a C1-18 alkenyl group, a C6-18 aryl group, a C3-8 cycloalkyl group, or a C7-20 alkylaryl or arylalkyl group, or the two groups R2 together form a divalent C2-18 group, the carbonated chain of the R2 groups containing or carrying at least one heteroatom selected from S, N and O. The invention also relates to a method for preparing one such catalyst, and to the use of said catalyst for hydrotreatment or hydroconversion.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel compositions of zeolites or microporous metallosilicates characterised by a continuous spatial distribution of the metal and silicon in the crystals and characterised by a crystal surface enriched in silicon relative to the internal part of the same crystals. This invention also relates to a synthesis method of producing these metallosilicates with spatial distribution of the constituting elements. These novel zeolitic compositions can be used in various hydrocarbon conversion reactions. The crystalline metallosilicates can be selected from the group consisting of aluminosilicates, gallosilicates, ferrosilicates, titanosilicates and borosilicates.

Abstract: The invention concerns a device for measuring light in a liquid by introducing in said medium at least one emitting probe comprising: a transmitter connected to a first waveguide; a second waveguide; and included in said second waveguide, at least one reflecting surface. The invention also concerns a method for measuring the flocculation threshold of a colloidal medium by gradually adding apolar solvent using the inventive device, comprising a step which consists in determining, using at least one probe of said device, flocculation after adding the amount of apolar solvent required for flocculation. The invention is applicable to asphaltenes. The invention also concerns the use of said device for measuring physico-chemical properties in opaque media.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining the smoke point of a hydrocarbon, comprising, among the different steps defined in the ASTM D 1322 standard or equivalents thereof, the identification, among different aspects of the flame according to the position of the burner in the lamp, of a particular aspect of the flame and the reading of the height of this flame on a graduated scale in mm. The invention is characterized by the fact that a series of digital images of the flame is taken and recorded with the aid of a digital camera or the like at intervals sufficiently close for permitting, by analyzing these digital images, the detection of a sudden change in the shape of the flame, and that the height of this flame is measured at the moment of this sudden change in its shape, said height being considered as the smoke point of the tested hydrocarbon.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel method for dosing hydroxyl acid function compounds in complex hydrocarbon products by nuclear magnetic resonance of 19F after reacting hydroxyl acid functions of the product to be analyzed with a fluorinated reactant selected among the ?-fluoroolefins.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for filling a chamber with a divided solid comprising a divided solid feeder hopper (1), an exhaust chimney (2) fixed to said hopper or connected thereto by a supply conduit (3), a motor unit (4) rotatably driving a shaft (5) which is substentially disposed in the direction of the exhaust chimney and at least one deflector member (8) which is mounted downstream of the output orifice(s) (6, 7) of the exhaust chimney and is pivotable about sail shaft (5) in such a way that it angularly moves away therefrom due to a centrifugal force when said shaft (5) rotates. The shaft (5) is embodied in such a way that it is hollow and shaped in the form of a tube whose internal diameter is sufficient for passing a functional device (9) therethrough.

Abstract: The invention concerns a boiler adapted to oxycombustion (30) comprising a combustion chamber (31), a water heater (33) and a vaporizer (38, 40), wherein the combustion chamber includes at least partly the water heater (33). The invention also concerns an oxycombustion method with hot water generation, comprising heating cold water with the oxycombustion flame into a heated fluid. The inventive method is advantageously implemented in the inventive device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a flow device (12) intended for a two-phase flow processing enclosure (10) of the natural counter-flow type, in which an ascending gaseous flow and a descending liquid flow circulate, which device is formed by an appreciably horizontal tray (13) having openings (14) for the passage of the ascending gaseous flow, and a channel (15) for recovering the descending liquid flow, the channel (15) discharging into a flow orifice (16), characterized in that it comprises a single guide device (18) extending beneath the tray (13) and connected to the flow orifice (16) in such a way that the liquid flows on its outer wall. The invention also relates to a processing enclosure, particularly for processing a hydrocarbonated or aqueous type liquid flow, comprising a flow device according to the invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the purification of light hydrocarbons having a cut point of between 20 and 250° C. and containing sulphur and/or nitrogen compounds which are refractory to standard hydrotreating. The inventive method is characterised in that it comprises the following steps, namely: (a) a step involving the oxidative polymerisation of compounds containing a —X—CH? group in a 5- or 6 membered hydrocarbon ring, wherein X denotes a sulphur or nitrogen atom, in the presence of at least one oxidising agent selected from metal cations; (b) a step involving the separation of the formed polymers and the oxidising agent from the light hydrocarbons; and (c) a step involving the oxidation of the metal cation, said steps being performed in the above order. Moreover, each of the aforementioned steps can be combined with at least the step following same.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fuel containing at least 5 vol. %, and preferably at least 10 vol. %, of a hydrocarbon base (B3) consisting essentially of cycloparaffins comprising between 6 and 8 carbon atoms. The ratio R of the quantities by volume (B1+B2)/B3 is higher than 2 and preferably between 2.3 and 19.

Abstract: In a process for the conversion of carbon monoxide to C2+ hydrocarbons in the presence of hydrogen and of a catalyst comprising a metal and a support comprising silicon carbide, the support comprises more than 50% by weight of silicon carbide in the beta form. A process for the conversion of carbon monoxide to C2+ hydrocarbons in the presence of hydrogen and of a catalyst the effluent thus obtained are also disclosed.

Abstract: In a process for the conversion of carbon monoxide to C2+ hydrocarbons in the presence of hydrogen and of a catalyst comprising a metal and a support comprising silicon carbide, the support comprises more than 50% by weight of silicon carbide in the beta form. A process for the conversion of carbon monoxide to C2+ hydrocarbons in the presence of hydrogen and of a catalyst the effluent thus obtained are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of methane/carbon dioxide mixtures to a carbon monoxide/hydrogen mixture is provided in which use is made of a catalyst with a support comprising silicon carbide in the beta form.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the conversion of petroleum hydrocarbons in the presence of catalyst particles in a fluidized phase in an essentially upflow or downflow tubular reaction zone. The process includes at least one stage of steam cracking of at least one light hydrocarbon fraction and a stage of catalytic cracking of at least one heavy hydrocarbon fraction. The steam cracking is carried out by contacting the light hydrocarbons and a quantity of steam equal to at least 20 percent by weight in a fluidized bed of the catalyst particles, the resulting temperature ranging from 650.degree. to 850.degree. C. The catalytic cracking of the heavy hydrocarbons is carried out by injection of the effluents from the upstream section of the reaction zone into the catalyst suspension in such a way that the temperature of the mixture ranges from 500.degree. to 650.degree. C. and is then reduced to a temperature ranging 475.degree. to 550.degree. C.