Abstract: Disclosed is an extraction method for optical character recognition systems in which the necessary character features for recognition process are extracted from a character information detected and digitized by an optical scanner. In accordance with this method, the local features of every adjacent two rows or columns of a digitized character pattern on a two-dimensional plane are extracted row by row or column by column and are successively integrated so as to extract in a global manner the respective feature types such as concavity and convexity, loop and connectivity of the character pattern. At the same time, the global feature regions or segments are separated and each of the separated feature segments is coded without any loss of the information. The feature quantity of each segment is obtained on the basis of the coded representation. Any local concavity or convexity noises are eliminated simultaneously with the extraction of the global features.

Abstract: There is provided a calculator for calculating check digits which are obtained from code numbers according to a modulus 10, modulus 11 or the like check. In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, the desired check digit original numerals are indicated in response to the determination of a code number and weights and the desired check digit is readily obtained from the sum of the check digit original numerals. In accordance with another embodiment, the desired check digit is directly indicated in response to the setting of a code number. In accordance with still another improved embodiment, the desired check digit according to the modulus 10 and that according to the modulus 11 are selectively indicated in response to the setting of a code number.

Abstract: A calculator for calculating check digits which are obtained from code numbers according to a modulus 10, modulus 11 or similar check. In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, the desired check digit original numerals are indicated in response to the determination of a code number and weights and the desired check digit is readily obtained from the sum of the check digit original numerals. In accordance with another embodiment, the desired check digit is directly indicated in response to the setting of a code number. In accordance with still another improved embodiment, the desired check digit according to the modulus 10 and that according to the modulus 11 are selectively indicated in response to the setting of a code number.

Abstract: There is disclosed a numbering machine designed so that code numbers as well as check digits each consisting of a single-place digit are printed by means of a mechanical mechanism. The check digits are printed by a check digit type wheel having an arrangement of circulating digits which are calculated in correspondance with code numbers in accordance with a modulus 10 or 11 check with predetermined weights. When there is a carry from one code number digit place to the next higher digit place, it is necessary to print the digit skipped a predetermined number of the digits in the circulating digit arrangement, and as a result a drive control mechanism is provided so that when a change from one code number to the next higher code number necessitates a skipping operation, the change is detected and the check digit type wheel is rotated idly through a predetermined angle.