Abstract: The Navigation Apparatus transmits to a server apparatus a current position, a destination, and an area of a geographical information stored in a geographic information memory part. The server apparatus receives them to calculate one or more potential routes from the current position to the destination; sets a potential passing-by point for each potential route in the area of the geographic information stored in the Navigation Apparatus; and transmits those potential passing-by points to the Navigation Apparatus. The Navigation Apparatus receives them to calculate traveling routes from the current position to the potential passing-by points and selects one of the potential passing-by points, thereby deciding the passing-by point as a temporary destination within the area of the geographic information stored in the Navigation Apparatus. In this way, the route navigation can be realized without increasing the memory capacity of the geographic information memory part of the Navigation Apparatus.

Abstract: The control circuit 11 causes display of messages received through the communication unit 1 in the display unit 14 in list form. A cursor for making selections from the messages displayed in list form has different patterns. The control circuit 11 associates the cursor patterns with message types. In another embodiment, the control circuit 11 groups received messages into new messages not yet reproduced by a user and old messages already reproduced, causes display of the number of the new messages in a predetermined area of the display unit when the new messages are stored in RAM 13, and display of the number of the old messages in said predetermined area when the new messages are not stored in RAM 13.

Abstract: A driving IC 1 having n output terminals for outputting drive currents to the individual electrodes of a light emitting element (22), and a selecting IC 2 having every n/m output terminals for every m groups with respect to the common electrode of the light emitting element (22) are respectively provided on the opposite sides of the light emitting element (22) with one-to-one correspondence with respect to the element (22).

Abstract: A restriction plate (21) is provided on a lower surface of a near side of an upper plate of a chassis base (101). Both disk (D1) and disk (D2), while keeping in contact with a contact guide portion P1 of the restriction plate (21), are inserted. A stopper portion (P2) is formed at a farther side position than the contact guide portion (P1). A peripheral surface of a transfer roller (5) is placed in a moving direction of the disks (D1), (D2) proceeding while contacting upper surfaces of disk guides (2R), (2L) of a disk loading slit (20), and the contact guide portion (P1). Further, the stopper portion (P2) exists at a position corresponding to a direction of a tangent line which passes through the contact guide portion (P1), out of the tangent lines of the aforementioned peripheral surface, at positions other than the moving direction of the disks (D1), (D2).

Abstract: A data signal which is output from a latch circuit (12) having five stages of latch circuits each storing one-line data signal to a drive circuit (16) for lighting each light emission unit is selected by a selection circuit (15) according to a 9-bit correction data signal for each of the light emission units stored in a Y-position correction data storage circuit (13). Thus, lighting timing of each light emission unit is adjusted, thereby performing printing having a preferable linearity.

Abstract: The control circuit 11 causes display of messages received through the communication unit 1 in the display unit 14 in list form. A cursor for making selections from the messages displayed in list form has different patterns. The control circuit 11 associates the cursor patterns with message types. In another embodiment, the control circuit 11 groups received messages into new messages not yet reproduced by a user and old messages already reproduced, causes display of the number of the new messages in a predetermined area of the display unit when the new messages are stored in RAM 13, and display of the number of the old messages in said predetermined area when the new messages are not stored in RAM 13.

Abstract: The control circuit 11 causes display of messages received through the communication unit 1 in the display unit 14 in list form. A cursor for making selections from the messages displayed in list form has different patterns. The control circuit 11 associates the cursor patterns with message types. In another embodiment, the control circuit 11 groups received messages into new messages not yet reproduced by a user and old messages already reproduced, causes display of the number of the new messages in a predetermined area of the display unit when the new messages are stored in RAM 13, and display of the number of the old messages in said predetermined area when the new messages are not stored in RAM 13.

Abstract: The control circuit 11 causes display of messages received through the communication unit 1 in the display unit 14 in list form. A cursor for making selections from the messages displayed in list form has different patterns. The control circuit 11 associates the cursor patterns with message types. In another embodiment, the control circuit 11 groups received messages into new messages not yet reproduced by a user and old messages already reproduced, causes display of the number of the new messages in a predetermined area of the display unit when the new messages are stored in RAM 13, and display of the number of the old messages in said predetermined area when the new messages are not stored in RAM 13.

Abstract: An electrochromic display is disclosed which comprises an array side substrate (10) on which a pixel electrode (15) and an electrochromic layer (30) are formed, a color filter side substrate (50) on which a counter electrode (53) and an electrochromic layer (54) are formed, and an electrolytic layer (80) injected between the array side substrate (10) and the color filter side substrate (50). By forming the pixel electrode (15) of a reflective electrode material, it becomes unnecessary to add a coloring agent in the electrolytic layer (80) for enhancing contrast and therefore the electrolytic layer (80) can be made thin.

Abstract: An electrochromic display is disclosed which comprises an array-side substrate (10) wherein a TFT (14) and a pixel electrode (15) connected with the TFT (14) are formed, a color filter-side substrate (50) wherein a counter electrode (53) is formed, and an electrolyte layer (80) injected between the array-side substrate (10) and the color filter-side substrate (50). In this electrochromic display, the TFT (14) is formed to have an area not less than 30% of the area of the pixel, thereby supplying a larger current. Consequently, oxidation-reduction reaction in the electrochromic phenomenon proceeds at a higher rate, thereby enabling a high-speed response.

Abstract: An electrochromic display is disclosed which comprises an array-side substrate (10) in which a pixel electrode (15) and an electrochromic layer (30) are formed, a color filter-side substrate (50) in which a counter electrode (53) and an electrochromic layer (54) are formed, and an electrolytic layer (80) injected between the array-side substrate (10) and the color filter-side substrate (50). By forming a partition wall (23) on the periphery of the pixel electrode (15) and the electrochromic layer (30), there can be prevented short-circuits between pixel electrodes (15) and short-circuits between electrochromic layers (30) between adjacent pixels, thereby realizing an electrochromic display with higher precision.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus comprising a first substrate with pixel electrodes formed in regions surrounded by a plurality of scanning lines and signal lines, a second substrate on which a transparent electrode is formed, orientation controlling means formed at least on either the first substrate or the second substrate, alignment films deposited on both substrates to which vertical treatment is applied, and a liquid crystal layer having negative dielectric anisotropy, which is sandwiched between both substrates, wherein liquid crystal molecules are vertically aligned when no electric field is applied to the liquid crystal layer, and tilt to be aligned in directions controlled by the orientation controlling means when electric field is applied to the liquid crystal layer, whereby the orientation controlling means is positioned to be approximately linearly symmetrical by using a scanning line and a signal line as boundaries such that the position of the orientation controlling means in relation to pixel

Abstract: A navigator receives, through communication with a server, only such map information or locality information as is considered to be necessary, and stores it by overriding with it already used map information and locality information. Thus, the navigator, despite having a small storage capacity, is free from interruption of display. Receiving minimum needed information helps save the communication charge.

Abstract: On a leadframe on which to fix a photodetector element, an element mount frame and a fitting frame are laid with a gap left in between. A shielding frame for electromagnetically shielding the photodetector element is tied, via a tying portion, not to the element mount frame but to the fitting frame. Bending the tying portion brings it into a state in which it covers the photodetector element, but the stress resulting from this bending of the tying portion is shut off by the gap so as not to spread to the element mount frame. On the element mount frame, a circuit element for processing the signal from the photodetector element also is fixed.

Abstract: A first buffer layer is formed on a substrate at a lower temperature than a single-crystal-growth-temperature, one or more of a layer composed of a nitride containing neither Ga nor In, a layer which has two or more thin films having different moduli of elasticity cyclically laminated therein, and a layer having an Al composition ratio which decreases and a Ga composition ratio which increases in a direction from the first buffer layer to a device-constituting layer are formed as a second buffer layer on the first buffer layer at the single-crystal-growth-temperature, and a device-constituting layer composed of a nitride semiconductor is formed on the second buffer layer.

Abstract: A light-receiving device has a high-concentration impurity layer of a first conductivity type and a high-concentration impurity layer of a second conductivity type surrounding it formed on a substrate of the first conductivity type having a low impurity concentration so as to function as a light-receiving portion. The high-concentration impurity layers of the first and second conductivity types are arranged in the same direction as the top surface of the substrate. A layer having a short carrier life time is formed on the bottom surface of the substrate. Thus, carriers ascribable to unnecessary light components that have reached the layer having a short carrier life time have a shorter life time, making it possible to sufficiently cut unnecessary long-wavelength light components.

Abstract: A flexible printed circuit board has first and second connection portions 18 and 19 where contacts are exposed and first and second path portions 16 and 17 where conductor patterns 11 are arranged that connect the contacts 11a and 11b of the first and second connection portions 18 and 19 together. The first and second path portions 16 and 17 are formed so as to have substantially symmetrical shapes with each other about a predetermined straight line, and the flexible printed circuit board is folded up along the straight line C1 and C2. Alternatively, a flexible printed circuit board has a conductor pattern 11 formed between first and second insulating sheets 12 and 13, and has a shielding conductor 14 fixed to the second insulating sheet 13. The flexible printed circuit board is folded up with the second insulating sheet 13 outside so that the conductor pattern 11 is enclosed inside the shielding conductor 14.

Abstract: A transistor has a source electrode and a drain electrode formed with a predetermined interval secured in between on a semiconductor layer formed to perspectively overlap a gate electrode. The source and drain electrodes are each longer in their lengthwise direction than in their widthwise direction. The source electrode has a recessed portion formed therein to allow the tip portion of the drain electrode in. The semiconductor layer protrudes out of the gate electrode to form a portion that does not overlap the gate electrode but overlaps the source electrode and a portion that does not overlap the gate electrode but overlaps the drain electrode. Thus, the protruding portion that overlaps the source electrode and the protruding portion that overlaps the drain electrode are separated from each other by the gate electrode so as to be independent of each other.

Abstract: A PLL circuit comprises a reference signal generating unit for generating reference signals of different phases, variable frequency dividers for dividing the frequency of the output signal of a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) and thereby outputting feedback signals, and a phase comparator for comparing the phase of each feedback signal with that of the corresponding reference signal and thereby outputting phase comparison signals. When the output signal is synchronized with a preset frequency signal, at least one variable frequency divider of the variable frequency dividers is operated, and the operation of the other is stopped.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser device includes a semiconductor laser element, a lead having an element disposing section where elements are disposed and a resin bonded to the lead. The lead has a thick portion and a thin portion with the thick portion being formed to extend at least in the direction of the width of the resin to cover a region having a length equal to or greater then the width of the resin. A semiconductor laser device has a semiconductor laser element, a lead having an element mount portion on which the semiconductor laser element is mounted and a resin maintained in intimate contact with the lead. The lead has a thicker portion and a thinner portion. The thicker portion is formed to extend in the direction of the width of the resin over a width equal to or greater than the width of the resin.