Abstract: Glass bottles having undergone high-frequency heat sealing, to depress the dispersion of sealing strength as low as possible and to improve the ease of both sealing and unsealing. A rough surface having minute unevenness is formed in the proximity of the apical part of the mouth of a glass bottle, wherein the apical part contacts with a sealing material. Since (1) a contact area between the sealing material and the glass surface decreases, and the quantity of heat taken by the glass from the sealing material decreases, (2) a bond area increases; and (3) an anchor effect is generated, the sealing strength increases, and simultaneously the dispersion of the sealing strength decreases.

Abstract: Vitreous, algae growing materials, release stably ferrous ions, over long periods of time. The duration of ion release can be controlled as desired by adjusting the particle size of the materials. The vitreous, algae growing, materials can be converted into porous forms or fabricated into at least parts of structures. The vitreous, algae growing, materials consist essentially of 15 to 50 weight percent SiO2, 1 to 35 weight percent either or both of Na2O and K2O, 30 to 70 weight percent B2O3, and 1 to 40 weight prercent of either or both of FeO and Fe2O3. Increasing the content of boron facilitates the release of ferrous ions from the vitreous, algae growing, materials.

Abstract: The invention provides a method by which a crystal glass composition which employs TiO.sub.2 as a raw material substituted for PbO can be produced while effectively preventing development of a yellowish color of the glass composition which is caused by TiO.sub.2. In the production method, to a batch composition which is composed of 50 to 60 percent by weight of SiO.sub.2, 4 to 14 percent by weight of K.sub.2 O, 10 to 20 percent by weight of BaO and 3 to 10 percent by weight of TiO.sub.2, NaNO.sub.3 (sodium nitrate) is added by 1.0 to 5.0 percent by weight or BaO.sub.2 (barium peroxide) is added by 0.3 to 2.0 percent by weight for elimination of development of a color which arises from the 3 to 10 percent by weight of TiO.sub.2, and also one of Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3 (antimony oxide) and As.sub.2 O.sub.3 (arsenious acid) is added by 0.2 to 1.0 percent by weight for defoaming. Instead, NaSb(OH).sub.6 (sodium antimonate) having color development elimination and defoaming actions may be added by 0.5 to 2.

Abstract: An inspection apparatus which automatically inspects a bottom border portion of a transparent glass vessel for a foreign article accurately is disclosed. Light is projected and received by way of first and second polarization filters through a rotating glass vessel to image the vessel obliquely from below by a solid state image pickup elements of a camera. Brightness values of outputs of the elements of the camera are compared with threshold values for binary digitization and determined as abnormality values when they are higher. The threshold values are varied and the abnormality values are corrected in accordance with the positions of the elements of the camera, and then presence or absence of a foreign article is determined from the corrected abnormality values or the sum of them.

Abstract: A glass composition is disclosed wherein the density and the refraction index and the dispersion value of light are equal to or higher than those of conventional lead-containing crystal glass while no lead is contained therein at all. The glass composition comprises 50 to 60% by weight of SiO.sub.2, 5 to 13% by weight of K.sub.2 O, 5 to 8% by weight of TiO.sub.2, 10 to 15% by weight of BaO, 5 to 10% by weight of ZnO, 3 to 10% by weight of Na.sub.2 O, 1 to 5% by weight of CaO, and 0.3 to 0.8% by weight of Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and apparatus for forming a glass container by a press-and-blow system wherein the glass container is provided with a reinforced inner surface. According to the inventive method, fuel gas or a gaseous boron or silicon compound is burnt or otherwise reacted inside a parison after the parison molded in the blank mold is transferred to the finish mold. The burning or other reaction of the fuel gas or gaseous boron or silicon compounds can be carried out just prior to the final blow-molding step in which the parison is blow molded into its final shape, simultaneous with the final blow-molding step, or just after the final blow-molding step. The apparatus of the present invention includes a finish mold provided with a blow head which includes a low selector valve. The low selector valve is open during combustion or other reaction within the parison and is automatically closed during the final blow-molding step by the pressure of the compressed air used in the final blow-molding.

Abstract: A glass article cutting method by which a glass article can be cut not only along a linear line but also along a curved line of a desired profile and can be cut comparatively readily even if the glass article has a concave or convex portion on a face thereof or even if the glass article has a complicated three-dimensional profile. A conductive coating material such as colloidal carbon is applied in a linear line or a curved line on a surface of a glass article to be cut, and a high voltage is applied from a pair of positive and negative electrodes to the line of the conductive coating material to energize the conductive coating material to generate heat thereby to cut the glass article by thermal stress caused by the heat.

Abstract: A glass vessel edge chamfering method and apparatus wherein heat energy can be controlled readily and chamfering of a glass vessel having a deformed profile, local chamfering and simultaneous processing of the opposite inner and outer sides of a lip of a vessel can be performed readily and besides the efficiency in consumption of energy necessary for chamfering for one glass vessel is improved so that a glass vessel can be processed efficiently in a short time. A pair of positive and negative electrodes are opposed in a predetermined spaced relationship to an edge of a glass vessel, and flame is blown from a pair of burners into gaps between the edge of the glass vessel and the electrodes while a high voltage is applied between the electrodes. Thereupon, electric current flows between the electrodes and the glass vessel by way of the flame and heats the glass vessel by Joule heat when the electric current flows through the glass vessel.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for inspecting a bottle or the like by which the presence or absence of a defect, particularly a check, can be determined with a high degree of accuracy. Light is irradiated upon an inspection area of a rotating or moving object, and reflected light is photographed by a two-dimensional camera which includes solid-state image pickup elements. Picture element data for a first frame are fetched at a first point of time from the two-dimensional camera and stored into a memory, and then picture element data for a second frame are fetched at a second point of time after a fixed interval of time after the first point of time. Then, differences of the picture element data for the second frame from the picture element data for the first frame from the memory are taken and binary digitized with reference to predetermined brightness threshold level, and the differences which have one of two binary values are counted.

Abstract: An opaque foreign article sorting apparatus which can sort an opaque foreign article during dropping from a conveyor precisely with a high degree of accuracy. Objects including transparent bodies in which opaque foreign articles may mix are scanned, during dropping, horizontally linearly with a laser beam, and reflected light is detected by a CCD image sensor. Whether an object scanned is a transparent body or an opaque foreign article is judged at each CCD block including N CCDs, and when an opaque foreign article is judged at a CCD block, air is jetted from a corresponding nozzle block and adjacent nozzle blocks to blow off the object.

Abstract: A vacuum degree inspecting device wherein a high degree of accuracy is not required for positioning of an object vessel and the degree of vacuum of an object vessel can be detected with a high S/N ratio under a reduced influence of fluctuations in size or configuration of a top (lid) wall of an object vessel. The device comprises a great diameter lens for refracting rays of light from a light source into rays of light to be irradiated upon an area including a lid wall of a sealed up vessel held at a predetermined inspection position, a beam splitter for passing part of rays from the great diameter lens therethrough and for reflecting reflected rays from the lid wall of the sealed up vessel, a condenser lens for condensing reflected rays from the beam splitter, an image sensor for detecting the thus condensed rays, and a comparator circuit for comparing an output voltage of the image sensor with a reference voltage to develop a signal representing that the sealed up vessel is acceptable or to be rejected.

Abstract: A vessel opening top inspection apparatus which can accurately detect presence or absence of an overpress finish of a vessel such as a bottle. The apparatus comprises a projector, an image sensor, a memory, a top detecting means including a top width detecting means and a width judging means, and an overpress finish detecting means. Light projected by the projector and reflected from an opening top of a vessel in position for inspection is received by the image sensor outputs of cells of which are stored as digital amounts individually into cells of the memory specified by corresponding addresses whereafter the digital amounts are judged one after another to detect the opening top and then the digital amounts are judged one after another for addresses after such detection to detect presence or absence of an overpress finish on the vessel depending upon the magnitude of the digital amounts.