Abstract: A method of making a composite structure including at least a plating film disposed on a substrate having at least a surface portion formed from a metallic base material. The method includes the steps of discharging a composite plating solution containing insoluble particles from a nozzle and impacting the composite plating solution on the surface portion of the substrate at a predetermined flow rate. During at least a portion of the discharging and impacting steps, the surface portion of the substrate is abraded with the insoluble particles in the plating solution discharged from the nozzle. A voltage can be applied between the base material and the nozzle, which are electrically connected by the plating solution, to thereby deposit a plating film on the surface portion of the substrate by electroplating.

Abstract: An air intake system for an internal combustion engine comprises an air pipe having at least one communication aperture in a pipe wall and opposite ends, and a resonator formed substantially coaxially about and spaced from an outer circumference of the air pipe and disposed substantially over the entire length of the air pipe. The resonator is connected at the opposite ends to the air pipe. The air intake system further comprises a flexible inner bellows formed at a portion of the air pipe and a flexible outer bellows formed at a portion of the resonator substantially overlying the inner bellows. The material for molding the resonator is changed at an intermediate portion in a longitudinal direction of the resonator from a hard resin to a soft resin, with at least the outer bellows being formed from a soft resin.