Abstract: A driving power transmission system for transmitting a driving power to front tires and rear tires, wherein a torque transmission device is disposed within a drive line for controlling transmissive torque transmitted to the tires. The torque transmission device is provided with a rotational housing to which a driving power from an engine is applied, a cylindrical shaft which is drivingly connected to the tires. The housing receives a clutch mechanism for transmitting a rotational torque from the housing to the cylindrical shaft, a piston located adjacent to the clutch mechanism and a pressure generating mechanism having an input rotational shaft for generating a pressure so as to actuate the clutch mechanism through the piston.

Abstract: A grinding wheel for use in a grinding machine, wherein a plurality of grinding tips are bonded on the periphery of a wheel core having a disk-like shape using a bond which forms a bonding layer between the wheel core and the grinding tips. The grinding wheel is further provided with means for preventing coolant from entering inside of the abrasive layer and/or bonding layer, thereby preventing the bonding layer from being swelling by the coolant. In a first embodiment, the preventing means is composed of rubber layers formed on the both side surfaces of the grinding wheel at the places corresponding to the radial position of the bonding layer. In another embodiment, the preventing means is composed of water-repellant material capable of repelling water. Such material is composed of silicon or fluorine resin and is soaked into the grinding tips.

Abstract: A grinding machine for grinding outer and/or inner surfaces of a workpiece which is provided on its indexable wheel head with an outer surface grinding wheel, inner surface grinding wheel and a measuring device having a touch probe engagable with a reference surface of the workpiece. A numerical controller having a memory for memorizing data indicating positional and angular relationships between the outer surface grinding wheel, the inner surface grinding wheel and the touch probe is provided. The numerical controller first indexes the measuring device to a location facing the workpiece, and moves the workpiece along its rotational axis until the measuring device outputs a touch signal. After that, the numerical controller calculates a moving amount of the workpiece for an outer grinding operation based upon data memorized in the memory, and moves the table by the calculated amount in order to grind the outer surface of the workpiece.

Abstract: A pressure generation and responsive mechanism is provided wherein several blade members bodily movable with a first member is received within a space formed in a second member. The second member provides a first flat end surface in friction engagement with the blade members, and an actuation piston, by itself or in cooperation with the second member, provides a second flat end surface in friction engagement with the other ends of the blade members. Silicon oil is filled within several space sections defined by the first and second flat end surfaces and the blade members. When the first member is moved relative to the second member, the blade members compulsorily displaces the silicon oil within the several space sections against friction resistance with the first and second flat end surfaces. Thus, a pressure is generated within each of the several space sections to actuate the actuation piston.

Abstract: A feed mechanism is constructed with a piezoelectric actuator embedded in the front end of a square sliding shaft, which is supported by hydrostatic guide surfaces formed on a guide base for sliding motion in the axial direction. A cooling jacket having a helical channel on its outside surface is provided at the periphery of the piezoelectric actuator. A part of pressurized fluid fed to the hydrostatic guide surfaces is led to the helical channel of the cooling jacket through a cooling oil feeding channel formed in the sliding shaft, and fluid in the helical channel is drained to a low pressure space through an oil discharging channel formed in the sliding shaft.

Abstract: A rotary diamond tool for truing a grinding wheel, comprising one or two circular vapor-deposited base plates each having a thin diamond layer formed by a vapor deposition process such as electron assisted chemical vapor deposition or direct current plasma chemical vapor deposition. The diamond truing tool is further provided with a pair of backup plates brazed on both side surfaces of the one or two circular vapor-deposited base plates so that the stiffness of the diamond truing tool is increased.

Abstract: When machining cams with the same profile data, finished shape errors tend to increase as the diameter of a grinding wheel decreases. In order to keep the finished shape errors within a tolerance, the profile data used for machining must be renewed with new profile data corresponding to the present diameter of the grinding wheel. In the disclosed numerically controlled cam grinding machine, optimum wheel diameters, at which new profile data must be calculated, are decided automatically. The numerical controller calculates the marginal diameters which require renewal of profile data based upon the machining tolerance when a new grinding wheel is attached to the wheel head. After that, the numerical controller calculates new profile data from the marginal wheel diameter and lift data, when the present wheel diameter reaches into one of the marginal wheel diameters. The old profile data is renewed with the newly calculated profile data corresponding to the marginal wheel diameter.

Abstract: A torque transmission device is provided wherein a rotary housing is connected to one of front and rear drive shafts which respectively drive front and rear axles of a four-wheel drive vehicle, while a rotary shaft coaxially carried by the rotary housing is connected to the other of the front and rear drive shafts. The housing receives therein a multiple disc clutch device for transmitting rotational power between the housing and the shaft through friction engagement between alternately arranged outer and inner clutch discs which are respectively rotatable bodily with the housing and the shaft. The housing also receives an axially movable piston to press the clutch discs for friction engagement. An end wall of the housing or an end cap secured thereto and a facing end surface of the piston define an axially narrow circular chamber, within which a rotor with a plurality of radially extending blade portions provided with a pair of slanted surfaces is received to be rotated by the shaft.

Abstract: An apparatus which moves a tool back and forth in synchronism with rotation of a workpiece with respect to the workpiece to machine the workpiece into a non-circular shape. The tool is attached to a tool mount placed on a tool mount table which is connected to be moved in a direction perpendicular to the axis of a spindle by a motor. The tool is connected to be moved in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the spindle with respect to the tool mount by a high speed actuator. Profile generating movement of the tool is thus provided by a combination of movement provided by the motor and movement provided by the high speed actuator. The high speed actuator is controlled in accordance with high frequency components included in profile data while the motor is driven in accordance with low frequency components included in the profile data. As a result, the responsiveness in profile generating movement of the tool is improved, and high speed machining of a non-circular workpiece is enabled.

Abstract: In a vane pump, a pump housing assembly contains a cam ring having an internal cam surface. A rotor carrying plural vanes is disposed within the cam ring and rotated by a drive shaft. Both end surfaces of the cam ring contact with a pair of flat contact surfaces formed within the pump housing assembly, respectively, and the vanes define plural pump sectors between the rotor and the cam ring, together with the rotor, the cam ring and the pair of contact surfaces. The contact surfaces are formed with a pair of intake ports and a pair of exhaust ports. Furthermore, one of the contact surfaces is provided with a pair of pressure leaking grooves formed at locations between the intake ports and the exhaust ports.

Abstract: A four-wheel steering system for an automotive vehicle in which a cable linkage is adapted to operatively interconnect front and rear wheel steering mechanisms. The cable linkage is provided with a displacement transmitting mechanism which includes an input element operatively connected to a front lateral bar in the front wheel steering mechanism through the cable linkage, an output element operatively connected to the rear wheel steering mechanism, and a spring element disposed between the input and output elements to transmit displacement of the input element to the output element without any deflection in a condition where the output element is freely movable and to absorb displacement of the input element in a condition where the output element is restrained by an excessive load applied thereto from the rear wheel steering mechanism.

Abstract: In a driving power transmission, an input shaft is coaxially rotatably carried in a closed cylinder housing, extending through an operating piston received therein. The operating piston is bodily rotatable with the housing and axially movable relative to the housing and the input shaft. The piston defines at opposite ends thereof a clutch chamber and an axially thin circular space. A multiple disc clutch operable by the piston is provided in the clutch chamber for selectively transmitting a torque from the input shaft to the housing acting as an output shaft. A rotor with diametrically opposite blades is received within the axially thin circular space and is rotatable bodily with the input shaft for compulsorily displacing silicon oil filled in the circular space, so as to generate a pressure therein when relative rotation occurs between the housing and input shaft.

Abstract: A numerical control apparatus for machining non-circular workpieces such as a cam and the like is disclosed. In the present invention, roughing profile data and finishing profile data are generated from lift data regulating the shape of non-circular workpiece. The roughing profile data are obtained from roughing lift data. The roughing lift data are generated as changing smoothly such that the deviation from the lift data regulating the finished shape presents within the tolerance of allowance at finishing, and quadratic differential components related to the rotational angle are smaller than the predetermined value. Machinings are performed by the roughing profile data at roughing and by the finishing profile data at finishing. As a result, the high-speed machinings are possible and the machining cycle time can be shortened.

Abstract: Disclosed is a numerically controlled grinding machine for grinding a tapered surface of a workpiece. In the grinding machine, a workpiece having a tapered portion and a reference end surface is supported on a traverse table in such a way that the workpiece is rotatable about an axis intersecting the Z-axis at a predetermined angle, which is equal to an angle formed between the tapered surface and the rotational axis of the workpiece. In addition, a measuring device for measuring the position of the reference surface is mounted on the wheel head.

Abstract: A robot controller for having a workpiece held by a robot and having the workpiece machined by moving it relative to a stationary tool. The robot controller can control the velocity of relative motion, against the tool, of a machining point on the workpiece. At each teaching point, a transformation matrix is calculated to convert a position matrix of the flange center as teaching data (i.e., 4.times.4 matrix giving position and attitude in homogeneous coordinates) into a position matrix of the tool tip. Between two adjacent teaching points, interpolation points are set according to a specified velocity. Transformation matrices applicable to the two teaching points are put to interpolation calculations to provide a transformation matrix at each interpolation point. An inverse matrix of the transformation matrix at each interpolation point is applied to the position matrix for the tool tip. This allows the position matrix for the flange center keyed to each interpolation point to be calculated.

Abstract: A control coupling for torque transmission between a pair of rotary members coaxially arranged for relative rotation, which includes a cylindrical casing mounted on one of the rotary members for rotation therewith, a friction clutch assembled within the casing, a piston axially slidably coupled within the casing for rotation therewith and being in engagement with the friction clutch, an end wall member coupled with the casing for rotation therewith and spaced from the piston to form a fluid chamber filled with an amount of viscous fluid, and a rotor disposed in the fluid chamber and mounted on the other rotary member for rotation therewith. The rotor has a plurality of radial blades extending radially outwardly therefrom and being disposed between the piston and the end wall member.

Abstract: A driving torque transmitting device which has a differential case to which driving torque of an engine is transmitted. Within the differential case, a pair of side gears meshed with pinion gears are disposed around right and left axle shafts so as to be axially slidable thereon. Two annular pistons are disposed between the side gears and end walls of the differential case in contact with the side gears so as to be rotatable with and axially slidable on the differential case to form two annular closed actuating chambers with the end walls of the differential case. Within the closed actuating chambers are disposed two blade plates so as to rotate respectively with the two axle shafts whereby the actuating chambers are divided into two spaces. These two spaces are charged with high-viscosity oil.

Abstract: An optical transmission device for interconnecting an optical full duplex transmission line and a half duplex transmission line. When a start bit of a data block of an electrical signal received from the half duplex transmission line is detected, a maintaining signal to maintain the same transmission direction is generated during which the data block can be transmitted. An optical signal is received from the optical full duplex transmission line and converted into an electrical signal. Similarly, a maintaining signal to maintain the same transmission direction is generated. In response to either one of the two maintaining signals, passage or stopping of signals by a driver for sending out an electrical signal to the half duplex transmission line and a receiver for receiving an electrical signal from the half duplex-transmission line are controlled. Possible interference of data is prevented and the transmission direction is changed over in this manner.

Abstract: A positioning controlling device for improving the machining accuracy of a work of a non-circular shape. A control axis is driven in accordance with an input function consisting of position instruction data corresponding to a machining shape of a work, and a response function of the position of the control axis is measured actually. Then, a transfer function of the servo system is determined from Fourier transformation of the input function and Fourier transformation of the response function, and a corrected input function with which a response function of the control axis ideally corresponds to the machining shape of the work is obtained from the transfer function. Even if the control axis is driven in accordance with the corrected input function, a response function obtained does not correspond to the ideal machining shape of the work.

Abstract: An industrial robot utilizing a parallel link mechanism comprises a shoulder portion swingable about a vertical axis, which supports a first arm and a first link for swing movements about a common axis. A second arm pivoted at the end of the first arm for swing movement about a swing axis parallel to the common axis and being provided with a wrist portion at the front end thereof, while a second link is connected between the first link and the second arm so as to form a parallel link mechanism. Further, the second arm is provided with first and second connecting portions formed at the rear side and front sides of the second arm, respectively, with respect to the swing axis of the second arm. The first and second connecting portions are selectively connectable with one end of the second link using a connecting mechanism.