Abstract: A semiconductor chip includes a chip constituent substrate having a first surface and a second surface, and including a layer containing gallium nitride. The chip constituent substrate is provided with a semiconductor element, and components constituting the semiconductor element are located more in an area adjacent to the first surface than in an area adjacent to the second surface. The chip constituent substrate is formed with a through hole penetrating the chip constituent substrate from the first surface to the second surface. The through hole defines a first opening adjacent to the first surface and a second opening adjacent to the second surface, and the first opening is larger than the second opening.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for a semiconductor chip includes: preparing a GaN wafer; producing a processed wafer by forming an epitaxial film on a surface of the GaN wafer to have chip formation regions adjacent to a first surface of the processed wafer; forming a first surface-side element component of a semiconductor element in each chip formation region; forming a wafer transformation layer along a planar direction of the processed wafer by irradiating an inside of the processed wafer with a laser beam; dividing the processed wafer at the wafer transformation layer into a chip formation wafer and a recycle wafer; extracting a semiconductor chip from the chip formation wafer; and after the preparing the GaN wafer and before the dividing the processed wafer, irradiating an inside of the gallium nitride wafer or the processed wafer with a laser beam to form a mark by deposition of gallium.

Abstract: A fluid -filled elastic bushing wherein an elastic body elastically connecting a center shaft member and an outer cylindrical member is provided a displacement restrictor including a stop portion extending from one of the center shaft and outer cylindrical members toward the other member, to restrict an amount of radial displacement of these two members. The stop portion includes an abutting part opposed to the other member with a first radial spacing therebetween, and a shoulder surface adjacent to the abutting part. The displacement restrictor further includes a buffer layer disposed in close contact with the shoulder surface and made of an elastic material whose stiffness is lower than a material of the abutting part. The buffer layer is opposed to the above-indicated other member with a second radial spacing therebetween smaller than the first radial spacing.

Abstract: A water pump includes a shaft to which an impeller has been attached, and a water pump housing in which the shaft is freely rotatably supported by a plain bearing. An annular mandrel having a lip seal fixedly secured to its distal end is inserted into an annular groove provided in the pump housing, thereby limiting the axial movement of the shaft.

Abstract: A composite intake manifold includes a first outer member, an inner member fitted within the first outer member, and a second outer member fixed to the first outer member. An intake port of the manifold includes a curved portion. The curved portion is defined by the inner member and at least one of the first outer member and the second outer member. The curved portion of the intake port is divided at a seam parallel to an axis of the curved portion of the intake port so that the respective members can be molded without using a molding core.

Abstract: An apparatus to facilitate volume control for route aural guidance. When supplying a guidance voice to a loudspeaker 34a, a voice control section 30 disconnects the loudspeaker 34a from audio and outputs the guidance voice through the loudspeaker. A volume control screen is displayed on a display section 28 where the user adjusts the volume by touching the screen. When the voice control section 30 switches a signal to the loudspeaker 34a, a mute circuit 40a is operated to mute the voice output before the voice is output through the loudspeaker 34a. When the user terminates volume adjustment, the voice control section 30 outputs a voice for volume confirmation or check at the adjusted volume through the loudspeaker 34a. The user can check the adjusted volume at this time.