Abstract: A nitrogen oxide (NOx) reduction catalyst that includes a transition metal tungstate having the formula: MWO4 wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu. The catalyst may be utilized in various environments including oxygen rich and oxygen deficient environments.

Abstract: First hydraulic-pressure supply piping extended from an accumulator is connected to a first supply port (that is, to a second pressure chamber) of a cylinder, and to second hydraulic-pressure delivery piping of an ABS via third hydraulic-pressure supply piping having a third linear valve. When the braking hydraulic pressure Pf is reduced in the ABS, the degree and the period of time that the third linear valve is opened are set according to the amount of fluid discharged from the second hydraulic-pressure delivery piping to a reservoir tank through a pressure-reducing valve so that a certain amount of fluid is returned from the first hydraulic-pressure supply piping to the second hydraulic-pressure delivery piping via the third hydraulic-pressure supply piping.

Abstract: An eye part detecting device has an image input section (21) for acquiring a face image, an eyelid edge labeling section (24) for detecting upper eyelid candidates and lower eyelid candidates which satisfy predetermined conditions for upper eyelids or lower eyelids in the face image, and an eyelid determination section (27) for comparing combinations of the upper and lower eyelid candidates to determine the combination of the upper and lower eyelid candidates whose relation best satisfies a predetermined condition as the upper and lower eyelids. The eyelid edge labeling section (24) classifies the horizontal edges and vertical edges calculated by an edge calculating section (23) into the upper eyelid candidates and the lower eyelid candidates according to a degree of how well the predetermined conditions are satisfied.

Abstract: An automotive impact energy absorbing structure has a structural member having an inner panel, and an interior member spaced from the inner panel by an interval extending therefrom toward the inside of a compartment A hollow body is disposed within the interval. Impact energy applied to the hollow body from inside the compartment is absorbed by deformation of the hollow body.

Abstract: A characteristics change of a control object is functionally represented by a parameter &thgr; which varies between values of 0 and 1 as the gain of the control object is surveyed. The frequency of the identification signal is set at a frequency where the difference in gains becomes large. The amplitude of the identification signal is set so that the variation width of the output of the control object is less than or equal to a predetermined value. Because the identification accuracy improves where the input/output characteristics with respect to the parameter are more sensitive, the identification signal set by such a setting apparatus imparts high identification accuracy. Moreover, because the amplitude of the identification signal is set based on the variation width of the output of the control object, identification can be performed without significantly affecting the output of the control object.

Abstract: A shift lever supporting apparatus for a transmission, has an integral structure comprising a cylindrical shift lever mounting portion for receiving a ball portion of a shift lever, a pyramidal retainer portion contiguously provided below the shift lever mounting portion, a plate portion contiguously provided below the retainer portion, and a bearing portion for mounting a select bell-crank, the bearing portion being contiguously provided on the retainer portion and in close proximity to the shift lever mounting portion. The shift lever mounting portion is provided with a seat surface for supporting the ball portion of the shift lever, and a U-shaped notch which allows insertion of a select lever extending from the ball portion. The ball portion of the shift lever is inserted into the shift lever mounting portion from the upper side and this ball portion is pressed against and thereby retained on the seat surface by the use of a cap.

Abstract: A by-pass control system for an internal combustion engine provided with a mechanical supercharger arranged in an intake pipe of the engine. The supercharger is connected to a crankshaft by means of a clutch operated in accordance with the engine load as well as the engine speed. A by-pass is arranged so as to by-pass the supercharger, on which by-pass a by-pass control valve is arranged. The by-pass control valve is operated in accordance with the engine speed, so that it is opened during an engine low load and high speed condition. The supercharger is located downstream of the throttle valve, while the by-pass is, on its downstream end, connected to the intake pipe downstream of the throttle valve and upstream of the supercharger.

Abstract: An exhaust by-pass system in an internal combustion engine provided with a turbocharger. The turbocharger is the so-called twin entry type having a pair of scroll passageways connected to two groups of cylinders of the engine, respectively. By-pass passageways are formed in a housing of the turbine of the turbocharger. The by-pass passageways are connected to scroll passageways, respectively at positions near their inlets. The by-pass passageways are opened or closed by a common by-pass control valve arranged in a tubular boss portion of the housing.