Abstract: A heat exchanger having a plurality of parallel pipes arranged in lines and strips of fin plates fixed to the pipes perpendicularly to the lengths thereof. Turbulence-forming structures are cut out of the fin plates and are bent up at 90.degree. with respect to the planes of the plates, such structures functioning as fin plate spacers and as baffles to direct a fluid medium of inferior heat transfer coefficient which flows in a direction parallel to the planes of the finned plates and perpendicularly to the pipes. The pipes are adapted to conduct a fluid medium of superior heat transfer coefficient. The turbulence-forming structures are disposed in lines on each side of the lines of pipes and in rows which are substantially tangential to the opposite sides of the pipes. The heat exchanger may have a plurality of lines of pipes spaced equally transversely from each other and transvetsely of the direction of flow of the fluid medium of inferior heat transfer coefficient.

Abstract: In a cooling apparatus operated by ambient air and an agent to be cooled which can have solid state at atmospherical temperatures, a housing such as a cooling tower (100) with air inlets and air closure means at the air inlets and large surface heat exchangers (3) arranged within the cooling tower (100) at its air inlets and divided into groups or sectors being in parallel connection are provided, with which the agent is cooled by the air streaming through the large surface heat exchangers (3). At least one pre-heating heat exchanger (20) is arranged in the air space (29) of each sector of the large surface heat exchangers (3), and the pre-heating heat exchangers (20) are in parallel connection with the large surface heat exchangers (3) of each sector.

Abstract: A ribbed construction assembled from sheet metal bands for improved heat transfer, suitably built into the pipes of heat exchangers forms the arrangement of the invention. The ribbed construction assembled from toothed metal bands ensures the improved heat transfer primarily by slowing down the velocity of the medium flowing in the center of the pipe; furthermore it improves the temperature distribution of the flowing medium by means of metallic contact and mixing. Although the ribs are easily movable in the pipe, a significant portion of the tooth-ends is in loose contact with the inner pipe wall, which likewise improves the heat transfer.

Abstract: An internal fin tube heat exchanger comprises a cylindrical tube having on its inside a continuous heat exchange member with a plurality of legs branched from a central longitudinal extending member. The heat exchange member can be metal strip cut with a plurality of ribs disposed at an acute angle thereto, so that when the member is pulled into the tube, the ribs do not resist movement in one direction but do resist reverse movement in the opposite direction, which opposite direction is also the direction of flow of the fluid within the tube. Thus the fluid does not dislodge the heat exchange member. The ribs can be cut in various patterns and the strip is rotated when being drawn into the tube so as to impart a twist thereto, thereby to position the ribs all about the periphery of the tube. The ribs can have feet thereon that extend either peripherally of the tube or longitudinally of the tube.

Abstract: A heat engine producing a hot gas is cooled by a fluid which in turn is cooled by the convective updraft of air in a cooling tower. The convective updraft is increased by adding a portion of the hot gas to the air in the cooling tower downstream of the heat exchange between the air and the cooling fluid. The heat engine may be an internal combustion engine of the gas turbine or piston type or a compressor or the like, and the hot gas may be product or exhaust.

Abstract: The difference in density between heated and unheated air is used to provide flow of air across a heat transfer means located underground. An underground passageway connects an inlet orifice with an outlet orifice for flow of ambient air therethrough. The passageway comprises at least one essentially vertical shaft, said vertical shaft terminating at the outlet orifice and containing proximate its lower end said heat transfer means.

Abstract: Steam turbine power plants employ condensers for condensing the dead steam of the turbine. The required cooling in the condenser is obtained by cooling water which is, in case of dry cooling towers, injected into a mixing condenser. Recooling of the cooling water is obtained in surface heat exchangers of the dry cooling tower which carry off the heat by means of air.Where the employment of such system is jeopardised by the hazards of climatic conditions, it is suggested to associate water cooled heat exchangers with the surface heat exchangers and the dry cooling tower of the system. Such water cooled heat exchangers serve as auxiliary means where the cooling effect of the surface heat exchangers of the dry cooling tower fails to ensure a desired low condensation temperature in the mixing condenser.

Abstract: Movable shutting up elements are provided for eliminating the diminishing effect of the wind on cooling equipment erected in open air. The movable openings shutting up elements are adjusted by a control or regulating device according to actual wind conditions, to effect a damming of pressure in the path of the streaming air in front of the heat exchanging surface, enabling the wind energy to be used to aid in increasing the cooling effect. The opening and closing of elements rotatable around a vertical axis may be used to utilize to a greater extent the wind energy in addition to their wind reflecting effects.