Abstract: A vertical ball mill for grinding a solid input material to form a slurry, and includes a grinding tank which defines a mixing chamber, rotatable main auger assembly having mixing blade in a lower portion of the mixing chamber and a materials flow guide. The flow conduit is provided within the grinding tank interior, and includes one or more conduit segments configured to direct input material downwardly in the grinding tank towards the lower mixing chamber and auger mixing blade. An impeller is provided within the flow conduit, with a blade configuration selected to effect the downward flow of input material through the conduit segments and outwardly therefrom adjacent to the mixing blade as the auger assembly is rotated.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive random-access memory (MRAM) device is disclosed. The device described herein has a thermal stability enhancement layer over the free layer of a magnetic tunnel junction. The thermal stability enhancement layer improves the thermal stability of the free layer, increases the magnetic moment of the free layer, while also not causing the magnetic direction of the free layer to become in plan. The thermal stability enhancement layer can be include a layer of CoFeB ferromagnetic material.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a magnetic random access memory chip having magnetic memory elements with different performance characteristics formed on the same chip. The magnetic memory elements can be magnetic random access memory elements. The memory chip can have a first set of magnetic random access chips having a first set of physical and performance characteristics formed in a first area of the sensor and a second set of magnetic random access chips having a second set of performance characteristics formed in a second area of the chip. For example, the first set of magnetic random access memory elements can have performance characteristics that match or exceed those of a non-volatile memory, whereas the second set of magnetic random access memory elements can have performance characteristic that match or exceed those of a static random access memory element.

Abstract: Methods and structures useful for magnetoresistive random-access memory (MRAM) are disclosed. The MRAM device has a magnetic tunnel junction stack having a significantly improved performance of the free layer in the magnetic tunnel junction structure. The MRAM device also utilizes a three-terminal structure, thereby allowing efficient writing of the bit without a concomitant increase in read disturb.

Abstract: A Magnetic Random Access Memory (MRAM) structure having a thermally conductive, dielectric cladding material that contacts an outer side of a magnetic memory element. The magnetic memory element can be a magnetic tunnel junction element formed as a cylindrical pillar that extends between first and second electrically conductive lead layers. The cylinder of the magnetic memory element can have an outer periphery, and the cladding material can be formed to contact the entire periphery. In addition, a heat sink structure formed of a dielectric material having a high specific heat capacity can be formed to contact an outer periphery of the cladding material. The cladding material and heat sink structure efficiently conduct heat away from the sides of the memory element to prevent the temperature of the memory element to rise to unsafe levels. This advantageously assists in maintaining a high reliability and long life of the MRAM system.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an apparatus includes lower electrodes positioned below a surface of a substrate, the substrate including crystalline Si, a plurality of strap regions positioned above the lower electrodes and below sets of pillars of Si, the pillars rising above the substrate, the sets of pillars being aligned in a first direction along a plane perpendicular to a film thickness direction, and the strap regions extending above a surface of the substrate, silicide junctions positioned between each of the strap regions and a corresponding lower electrode positioned therebelow, upper electrodes positioned above each of the pillars, gate dielectric layers positioned on sides of the pillars to a height greater than a lower edge of the upper electrodes, and gate layers positioned on sides of the gate dielectric layers in a second direction along the plane and perpendicular to the first direction that transverse a plurality of sets of pillars.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive random-access memory (MRAM) device is disclosed. The device described herein has a thermal stability enhancement layer over the free layer of a magnetic tunnel junction. The thermal stability enhancement layer improves the thermal stability of the free layer, increases the magnetic moment of the free layer, while also not causing the magnetic direction of the free layer to become in plan. The thermal stability enhancement layer can be comprised of a layer of CoFeB ferromagnetic material.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive random-access memory (MRAM) device is disclosed. The device described herein has a spin current injection capping layer between the free layer of a magnetic tunnel junction and the orthogonal polarizer layer. The spin current injection capping layer maximizes the spin torque through very efficient spin current injection from the polarizer. The spin current injection capping layer can be comprised of a layer of MgO and a layer of a ferromagnetic material.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive random-access memory (MRAM) is disclosed. The MRAM device includes a perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction device having a reference layer, a free layer, and a precessional spin current magnetic layer. The precessional spin current magnetic layer has a central axis that is offset from a central axis of the free layer. The device is designed to provide control over the injection of stray fields and the electronic coupling between the precessional spin current magnetic layer and the free layer. Switching speed, switching current, and thermal barrier height for the device can be adjusted. The off-center design may be used to adjust the location of the stray-field injection in the free layer.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive random-access memory (MRAM) is disclosed. MRAM device has a magnetic tunnel junction stack having a significantly improved performance of the free layer in the magnetic tunnel junction structure. The MRAM device utilizes a precessional spin current (PSC) magnetic layer in conjunction with a perpendicular MTJ where the in-plane magnetization direction of the PSC magnetic layer is free to rotate.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive random-access memory device with a magnetic tunnel junction stack having a significantly improved performance of the free layer in the magnetic tunnel junction structure. The memory device includes an antiferromagnetic structure and a magnetic tunnel junction structure disposed on the antiferromagnetic structure. The magnetic tunnel junction structure includes a reference layer and a free layer with a barrier layer sandwiched therebetween. Furthermore, a capping layer including a tantalum nitride film is disposed on the free layer of the magnetic tunnel junction structure.

Abstract: A non-overflow liquid delivery system comprises a pumping apparatus having a liquid delivery pumping portion and a liquid recovery pumping portion fluidically isolated one from the other. A nozzle has a liquid delivery conduit and a liquid recovery conduit. A liquid delivery hose connects the liquid delivery pumping portion of the pumping apparatus in fluid communication with the liquid delivery conduit. A liquid recovery hose connects the liquid recovery pumping portion of the pumping apparatus in fluid communication with the liquid recovery conduit. A valve has a first movable valve portion for opening and closing the liquid delivery conduit. A manually operable valve control mechanism is connected to the valve for controlling the first movable valve portion, and has a liquid sensor responsive to a threshold condition of liquid in the liquid recovery conduit to thereby cause the first movable valve portion to close the liquid delivery conduit.

Abstract: A nozzle for use in a non-overflow liquid delivery system comprises a nozzle body, a liquid delivery conduit having a liquid-receiving inlet and a liquid-dispensing outlet, and a non-bifurcated liquid recovery conduit having a liquid-receiving inlet and a liquid-conveying outlet. The minimum effective internal cross-sectional area of the liquid recovery throughpassage is greater than half the minimum effective internal cross-sectional area of the liquid delivery throughpassage. A valve has a first movable valve portion and a second movable valve portion that are interconnected one to the other for co-operative movement one with the other. A manually operable trigger is connected to the first movable valve portion for corresponding positive uninterruptable movement of the first movable valve portion between a valve-closed configuration and the valve-open configuration.

Abstract: A vapor-recovery-activated auto-shutoff nozzle comprises a manually operable trigger that permits selective operation of a normally closed valve between a valve-closed configuration and a valve-open configuration. Linkage arms connect the trigger and the valve, and are re-configurable between an enabled configuration and a disabled configuration. In the enabled configuration, the trigger and the valve are operatively connected such that the rest position of the trigger corresponds to the valve being closed, and the in-use position of the manually operable trigger corresponds to the valve being open. In the disabled configuration, the manually operable trigger is precluded from controlling the valve.

Abstract: A portable fluid exchange system comprises a source container, a liquid and vapor pump for pumping liquid from the source container to the destination container and for pumping vapor from the destination container to the source container. The liquid inlet and vapor outlets of the liquid and vapor pump are connected in fluid communication with the source container. A liquid delivery hose delivers liquid from the pump to the destination container. A vapor delivery hose delivers vapor from the destination container to the pump. A selectively controllable actuation mechanism actuates the liquid and vapor pump to thereby concurrently pump liquid from the liquid and vapor pump through the liquid outlet and vapor into the liquid and vapor pump through the vapor inlet, and concurrently pump vapor from the liquid and vapor pump through the vapor outlet and liquid into the liquid and vapor pump through the liquid inlet.

Abstract: A vapor-recovery-activated auto-shutoff nozzle comprises a manually operable trigger that permits selective operation of a normally closed valve between a valve-closed configuration and a valve-open configuration. Linkage arms connect the trigger and the valve, and are re-configurable between an enabled configuration and a disabled configuration. In the enabled configuration, the trigger and the valve are operatively connected such that the rest position of the trigger corresponds to the valve being closed, and the in-use position of the manually operable trigger corresponds to the valve being open. In the disabled configuration, the manually operable trigger is precluded from controlling the valve.

Abstract: An automatic shut-off nozzle comprises a liquid delivery conduit and a liquid recovery conduit. A valve has a first movable valve portion movable between a valve closed position whereat liquid is precluded from being dispensed from the liquid-dispensing outlet of the liquid delivery conduit and a valve open position whereat liquid is permitted to be dispensed from the liquid-dispensing outlet of the liquid delivery conduit. A manually operable valve control mechanism is reconfigurable between an operating configuration whereat force can be transmitted from the valve control mechanism to the valve to thereby move the first movable valve portion to the valve open position, and a non-operating configuration whereat force cannot be transmitted from the valve control mechanism to the valve. A liquid sensor has a rest state and an actuated state whereat the liquid sensor reconfigures the manually operable valve control mechanism from the operating configuration to the non-operating configuration.

Abstract: A liquid delivery system for supplying liquid from a portable container to a destination and removing vapor from the destination comprises a portable container, an elongate flexible liquid delivery hose, and an elongate flexible vapor recovery hose. The liquid delivery hose receives liquid from the portable container, and delivers the received liquid to a remote destination. The vapor recovery hose receives vapor from the remote destination, and delivers the received vapor to the substantially hollow interior of the portable container. The liquid delivery hose and the vapor recovery hose permit the movement of the liquid outlet of the liquid delivery hose to more than one selected remote destination while the container remains substantially stationary. Reduced air pressure in the portable container resulting from the removal of the liquid therefrom, causes vapor to be suctioned via the vapor recovery hose into the portable container.

Abstract: A liquid delivery system for supplying liquid from a portable container to a destination and removing vapour from the destination comprises a portable container, an elongate flexible liquid delivery hose, and an elongate flexible vapour recovery hose. The liquid delivery hose receives liquid from the portable container, and delivers the received liquid to a remote destination. The vapour recovery hose receives vapour from the remote destination, and delivers the received vapour to the substantially hollow interior of the portable container. The liquid delivery hose and the vapour recovery hose permit the movement of the liquid outlet of the liquid delivery hose to more than one selected remote destination while the container remains substantially stationary. Reduced air pressure in the portable container resulting from the removal of the liquid therefrom, causes vapour to be suctioned via the vapour recovery hose into the portable container.