Abstract: The invention concerns novel compounds of formula (I) in which: R1 and R2, which are identical or different, are C6-C23 alkyl or alkenyl radicals, linear or branched or —C(═O)—(C6-C23) alkyl or -c(═O)—(C6-C23) alkenyl, linear or branched. X is the oxygen atom or an amino-NR3 radical, R3 being a hydrogen atom or an inferior alkyl radical of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; n is a positive whole number from 1 to 6; m is a positive whole number from 1 to 6, and when n>1, m can be identical or different. The invention also concerns novel compositions of said compounds and of active substances in particular therapeutically, comprising at least a negative charge for inserting said active susbtances in cells. It concerns in particular novel complexes, of which the active substance consists of one or several nucleic acids, useful for cell transfection.