Abstract: A sensor package for a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) is provided. The sensor package comprises a slot for receiving a MEMS, a bonding area in, or adjacent to, the slot for bonding the MEMS to the package and at least one package electrode to engage an electrode pad on the MEMS. Each package electrode is in communication with a conductor pad for connecting the MEMS to an electronic device.

Abstract: A method for real-time observation of absolute ventricular volume wherein electrical measurements are made with a tetra polar catheter and compared to electrical measurements in a database, said database being assembled using electric field theory to predict the non-linear relation between blood volume and electrical measurements between a fist limit characterized by an infinitely thick volume of blood and second limit characterized by infinitely thick tissue completely surrounding the catheter. The calculations are performed under the assumption that the blood is surrounded by an infinitely thick region of tissue.

Abstract: In one aspect, a conductance catheter is provided for measuring the volume of a fluid. The conductance catheter comprises a series of electrodes and a circuit to compensate for variations in sensitivity of the electrodes in the catheter. In another aspect, a resistivity sensor is provided for determining the resistivity of a fluid. The sensor comprises a series of electrodes spaced such that the total distance between endmost electrodes does not exceed the diameter of the catheter deploying the sensor.