Abstract: Intracellular translocation of proteins, particularly protein kinase C (PKC) isoenzymes, provides a surrogate test system for determining toxicity of candidate compounds. The profile of translocation with respect to at least one and preferably two or more signal transduction proteins can be correlated with that of known toxins. In addition, databases of such profiles with respect to toxins of various types provide a useful set of standards for evaluating toxicity of candidate compounds. Moreover, to the extent that a toxin's profile mimics that found in a diseased state, the toxin can be used to construct screens for compounds alleviating the disease.

Abstract: Particulate labels that can be individually identified comprise particulate supports to which are bound at least two distinguishable signal generating moieties, such as fluorophores emitting at different wavelengths, which signals are detectable and measurable in situ. By varying the ratio and/or amounts of the signal generating moieties, a multiplicity of different and distinguishable labels is obtained. Each different label can then be coupled to a different reagent and the individual interactions of each reagent with a target observed in parallel.

Abstract: A method to follow the uptake of labeled materials into scintillant-marked compartments, cells, tissue and organelles in real time by monitoring the location of scintillant-emitted light is disclosed.