Abstract: A method of treating a viral infection may include administering a pharmaceutical composition including a renin-angiotensin system (RAS) modulator to a subject in need thereof to mitigate a cellular and organic impact of the viral infection. The mitigation may include inhibiting reactive oxygen species, inhibiting cytokine release, upregulating angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and/or downregulating angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1). The renin-angiotensin system modulator may include various combinations of an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), angiotensin (1-7), an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, an angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, 3,3?-diindolylmethane (DIM), indole-3-carbinol (I3C), and/or pirfenidone (PFD). In addition, at least one of the angiotensin receptor blocker, the angiotensin (1-7), the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, the angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, 3,3?-diindolylmethane, indole-3-carbinol, or pirfenidone may be linked to an antioxidant.