Abstract: The present invention realizes a polymer substrate with hard coating layer comprising a high level of environmental resistance and a high level of abrasion resistance. A polymer substrate with hard coating layer is provided that comprises a polymer substrate (60) having a thickness of 1 mm to 20 mm and a hard coating layer (70,80) on the surface thereof. Here, in this polymer substrate with hard coating layer, the hard coating layer (70,80) is laminated on the surface of the polymer substrate, contains as a main component thereof a hydrolysis-condensation product of an organic silicon compound, has a thickness of 0.1 ?m to 20 ?m, makes direct contact with a cured underlayer on the opposite side of the polymer substrate, is formed from an organic silicon compound by PE-CVD, and satisfies all of the following requirements (a) to (c): (a) film thickness of the silicon oxide layer is within the range of 3.5 ?m to 9.

Abstract: To provide a processing device which is small but which can exhibits a sufficient processing amount and a uniform contact processing property. In the processing vessel 10, a liquid flow is set to a spiral flow, and in a contact processing field, the injection liquid A, B are injected at a center-side position with respect to an inner surface of the processing vessel so as to perform contact processing.

Abstract: Is provided a method for starting up a pressurized fluidized bed incinerator system by which cracking of silica sand as a bed material can be prevented at low costs. By heating the silica sand as the bed material filled up in a bottom portion of a pressurized fluidized bed incinerator, a temperature of a freeboard of the incinerator is heated, and after the temperature of the freeboard is heated to 750 to 900° C., a material to be treated having a water-containing organic substance is fed to the pressurized fluidized bed incinerator.

Abstract: A method for efficiently conveying impurities in a pressurized fluidized incinerator system is provided. Cleaning gas is supplied to an upper valve, and thereafter, the upper valve is driven so as to communicate an upper discharge device and a tank. The upper discharge device is driven so as to convey the impurities from the dust collector to the tank, and thereafter, the upper discharge device is stopped and the upper valve is driven so as not to communicate the upper discharge device and the tank. Thereafter, the supply of the cleaning gas to the upper valve is stopped.

Abstract: To obtain metal agglomerate having stable particle sizes and substantially spherical shapes, the method allows, by a circulation unit, a flow of a liquid containing metal to pass through a processing vessel and an external circulation path, and a part of the liquid from the processing vessel to be extracted to an outside in a substantially continuous manner so as to return to the processing vessel after it goes through the external circulation path, sets a flow velocity in the external circulation path to be 1 m/second or more, and injects at least a part of a liquid concentrate containing a reactant to be newly added into the external circulation path.

Abstract: A solid-liquid separating apparatus is provided with: a separating roll which has a substantially cylindrical shape with a plurality of through holes, which penetrate between an inner surface and an outer surface in radial direction thereof, and is rotatable in circumferential direction thereof; and a pair of separating filter cloths which is endless belts capable of traveling in a rotation direction of the separating roll and are wound around the outer circumference of the separating roll so as to overlap each other, wherein a material supplied between the pair of filter cloths is squeezed by being rolled together with the pair of filter cloths therebetween on the outer circumference of the separating roll, and the material is dehydrated by ventilating via each through hole.

Abstract: There is provided a coal-fired power generating system that, in addition to recovering latent heat of condensation and the like from a dry exhaust gas of a drying device, which is for predrying coal, precludes a large variation, from a design value, of the amount of steam flowing at a final stage of a steam turbine. The coal-fired power generating system includes an indirect-heating dryer 1 including a heating medium passage inside its casing, a coal-fired boiler 3 for combusting coal to generate steam, and a steam turbine 6 for generating power with the steam from the boiler 3. The dryer dries the coal fed into the casing by performing indirect heating with steam fed to the heating medium passage. The coal-fired power generating system heats boiler supply water for the coal-fired boiler 3 with extracted steam extracted from the steam turbine 6.

Abstract: A method of producing ethanol from cellulosic raw materials, including steps of: saccharification of the cellulosic raw materials after adding a fermentation broth derived from a sugar-containing liquid, and ethanol-fermenting a sugar solution obtained in the above saccharifying step, in which the fermentation broth derived from the sugar-containing liquid is obtained by ethanol fermentation of one or more types of sugar-containing liquid selected from the group consisting of extracted juice of crops, molasses, and an enzyme-treated product of cereals containing a water-soluble saccharide.

Abstract: A method of producing ethanol by adding a cellulosic raw material treatment liquid to a sugar-containing liquid and then performing ethanol fermentation, in which the sugar-containing liquid is one or more types selected from the group consisting of extracted juice of crops, molasses, and enzyme-treated products of cereals containing a water-soluble saccharide, and the cellulosic raw material treatment liquid is either a sugar solution derived from cellulosic raw materials obtained by saccharification of the cellulosic raw materials or a fermentation broth derived from the cellulosic raw materials obtained by ethanol fermentation of the sugar solution derived from the cellulosic raw materials.

Abstract: The present invention provides an indirect heat-drying apparatus that is resistant to adhesion of the substance to be dried on heating pipes and gives a product having a desired and stabilized liquid content. The present invention relates to an indirect heat-drying apparatus, comprising two indirect-heating rotary dryers, i.e., the first and second indirect-heating rotary dryers that are arranged in series so that the dried substance from the first indirect-heating rotary dryer is supplied to and dried in the second indirect-heating rotary dryer as the substance to be dried; and a carrier gas-supplying means of supplying the carrier gas co-currently in the first indirect-heating rotary dryer and counter-currently in the second indirect-heating rotary dryer, with respect to the flow direction from the substance to be dried.

Abstract: This anaerobic digestion method is a method to biologically treat precipitated sludge obtained by a precipitating operation to sewage or wastewater, sludge containing livestock waste sludge, or organic wastewater containing suspended solids of 5000 mg/L or more as a treatment object, by a fixed bed (20) using organism-attaching carriers (22) formed of spherical porous bodies. In addition, a part of the treatment object which has been supplied to the fixed bed (20) is extracted from an upper layer of the fixed bed (20). The extracted treatment object is supplied to a fixed layer (28) composed of the organism-attaching carriers (22), the fixed layer (28) constituting a lower layer of the fixed bed (20).

Abstract: A treatment system for a watery material that includes: a dewatering tank in which liquefied matter of a material that is gaseous at a normal temperature and a normal pressure is contacted with the watery material and the watery material is separated into the resultant watery material and a liquid phase that contains an aqueous component from the watery material; an evaporator that vaporizes the material that is gaseous at a normal temperature and a normal pressure from the liquid phase; a separator that separates a gas of the material thus vaporized from effluent water; a condenser that condenses the gas into liquefied matter, two or more external heat sources selected from atmosphere, sewage, warm effluent water, and ground water; an external heat temperature detector that detects temperatures of external heats of the external heat sources; and an external heat supply destination controlling unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a filtering apparatus in which improvement of maintenance of a driving system, reduction of the number of components, and ease of assembly are achieved.

Abstract: A method including carrying out adiabatic cooling and evaporation operation of a coolant in a crystallizer (20) for a mixture solution of a target organic compound containing the coolant; taking out crystal slurry produced by the operation from the crystallizer (20); pressurizing evaporated vapor to a pressure higher than the operation pressure in the crystallizer (20) by a compressor (30) and then introducing the vapor to an absorption condenser (10); cooling for condensation the mixture solution of organic compound and the evaporated vapor that has been pressurized while allowing them to contact each other in the absorption condenser (10); introducing the crystal slurry taken out of the crystallizer (20) to a purification means (70) for purification of the crystal; and introducing a clarified liquid in the purification means (70) to at least one of the crystallizer (20) and the absorption condenser (10).

Abstract: A filtration unit (A) is immersed in raw water (W) that is held inside a reservoir tank, and includes a membrane module (5) that filters the introduced raw water (W). This filtration unit (A) includes a casing (3) which is in the shape of a box having a bottom and includes the membrane module (5) housed therein, and an activated carbon cartridge (4) inside which activated carbon is provided in cartridge form. Inside the casing (3) are provided an intake port that is used to introduce the raw water into the interior of the casing, and an opening/closing device that is installed on this intake port and controls a flow of the raw water into the interior of the casing, and the activated carbon cartridge (4) side and the membrane module (5) side are separated so as to allow the raw water (W) introduced into the interior of the casing 3 to circulate from the activated carbon cartridge (4) side to the membrane module (5) side.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for adiabatic cooling type crystallization of organic compound and an apparatus therefore, by which running cost and facility cost can be reduced. The method comprises carrying out adiabatic cooling and evaporation operation of a coolant in a crystallizer 20 for a mixture solution of a target organic compound containing the coolant; taking out crystal slurry produced by the operation from the crystallizer 20; pressurizing evaporated vapor to a pressure higher than the operation pressure in the crystallizer 20 by a compressor 30, introducing the vapor to an absorption condenser 10; cooling for condensation the mixture solution of organic compound and the evaporated vapor that has been pressurized while allowing them to contact each other in the absorption condenser 10; and introducing this absorption condensate to the crystallizer 20.

Abstract: The present invention provides an indirect heat-drying apparatus that is resistant to adhesion of the substance to be dried on heating pipes and gives a product having a desired and stabilized liquid content. The present invention relates to an indirect heat-drying apparatus, comprising two indirect-heating rotary dryers, i.e., the first and second indirect-heating rotary dryers that are arranged in series so that the dried substance from the first indirect-heating rotary dryer is supplied to and dried in the second indirect-heating rotary dryer as the substance to be dried; and a carrier gas-supplying means of supplying the carrier gas co-currently in the first indirect-heating rotary dryer and counter-currently in the second indirect-heating rotary dryer, with respect to the flow direction from the substance to be dried.

Abstract: A solid-liquid separating apparatus is provided with: a separating roll which has a substantially cylindrical shape with a plurality of through holes, which penetrate between an inner surface and an outer surface in radial direction thereof, and is rotatable in circumferential direction thereof; and a pair of separating filter cloths which is endless belts capable of traveling in a rotation direction of the separating roll and are wound around the outer circumference of the separating roll so as to overlap each other, wherein a material supplied between the pair of filter cloths is squeezed by being rolled together with the pair of filter cloths therebetween on the outer circumference of the separating roll, and the material is dehydrated by ventilating via each through hole.

Abstract: A surface treating method for a conductive substrate by using a photo-excitation process, wherein a conducive substrate is placed in a process chamber (1) maintained between 0.001-1 atmospheric pressure, while a negative bias voltage is applied to a substrate (2), ultraviolet having a photo energy of 3-10 eV larger than the work function of the substrate surface is applied from a ultraviolet source (5) housed in a chamber having a light output window, and a process gas is supplied into the process chamber container (1) to thereby produce ions and radicals (6) caused by the collision of process gas molecules with emitted electrons from the substrate surface and allow them to reach the surface of the substrate (2), whereby it is possible to surface-treat a substrate simply, highly efficiently, inexpensively and easily even in the case of a large-area substrate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treatment of a water-containing material. The method includes: (A) bringing a liquid of a substance in a gaseous state under normal temperature and pressure conditions into contact with a water-containing material; (B) obtaining a liquid layer through solid-liquid separation from a treated product resulting from (A); (C) vaporizing and extracting at least a portion of the substance that is in the gaseous state under normal temperature and pressure conditions as gas from the liquid layer obtained from (B); and (D) collecting a lower layer resulting from liquid-liquid separation conducting on a liquid layer resulting from (C). The method and apparatus achieve efficient treatment of a water-containing material and allow the material after the treatment to be recycled as a resource.