Abstract: A method for determining the geolocation of a user terminal within a telecommunications system having a constellation of satellites which relay communications signals between earth stations and user terminals over preassigned channels. The method performs synchronization upon the telecommunications signals to calculate timing and frequency update information for the user terminals. The timing and frequency update information is also used within the earth station to calculate the geoposition of the user terminal. To do so, the earth station calculates a distance between the satellite and a user terminal based on the corresponding propagation time therebetween which is obtained from the timing information. Once the satellite to user terminal distance is obtained, a range solution line may be calculated therefrom. In addition, the frequency update information is used to calculate a Doppler solution line upon which the user terminal is positioned.

Abstract: A waveguide to microstrip transition (124) formed in a multi-layer substrate (208) is disclosed. The waveguide to microstrip transition (124) may be incorporated into a hermetically sealed package including a metal base (202), a multi-layer circuit (208), a metal ring (206), and a metal cover (204). The multi-layer circuit (208) has at least a first dielectric layer (230), a second dielectric layer (222), and a first conductive layer (218) disposed between the bottom side of the first dielectric layer (230) and the top side of the second dielectric layer (222). The multi-layer circuit (208) includes a waveguide (234). An electromagnetically reflective material (236) coats the walls of the waveguide (234) to allow signals to propagate by reflection through the waveguide (234) toward the first dielectric layer (230). Plated through vias (126) are located in at least the first dielectric layer (230).

Abstract: An inflator for inflating an air bag includes a housing. A quantity of gas generating material is disposed within the housing. The gas generating material when ignited generates gas for inflating the air bag. An igniter is actuatable to ignite the gas generating material. A weld adaptor is welded to the housing. A body of injection molded plastic material adheres to both the igniter and the weld adaptor to attach the igniter to the weld adaptor. The weld adaptor is welded to a cover part of the inflator housing.