Abstract: A current collector for electrodes according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a polymer film, and a conductive material provided on at least one surface of upper and lower surfaces of the polymer film, wherein the conductive material may have a function of an electrochemical fuse or a function of blocking a short-circuit current.

Abstract: An energy saving controller system providing, from one power source, one of a plurality of different voltages to a load of electrical energy consuming devices, without power interruption to the load during transition time. The system includes a power switching circuit, a current sensing circuit and a control circuit. The power switching circuit produces, at its output port, one of the different voltages in response to receipt of a control signal of regulated magnitude. The current sensing circuit measures the power switching circuit output current and produces a measured current signal. The control circuit senses an increase in the measured current signal, which indicates an increase in current demand by the load, and outputs a control signal of regulated magnitude to the power switching circuit, initiating the voltage switching.

Abstract: An AC voltage regulator provides a desired AC voltage to a load. The desired AC voltage is within a predetermined range above and below that of an AC voltage source. The AC voltage regulator has a transformer, the secondary winding of which is configured to be placed in series with the AC voltage source and the load. A plurality of switches is configured to direct current from the AC voltage source through the primary winding of the transformer. The switches are further configured to control the direction in which current flows through the primary winding of the transformer. A pulse width modulator controls the switches according to a desired cycle period.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a low-cost voltage regulator circuit which provides at its output port, from one power source, a voltage of a set of different voltages to a load of electrical energy consuming devices, without power interruption to the load during transition time. The voltage regulator circuit includes a set of relays and a set of step-down transformers. Each of the relays receives a corresponding control signal, the magnitude of which is regulated to control the state of the associated relay. Each of the step-down transformers comprises a primary winding and a secondary winding. The secondary windings of the step-down transformers are connected in series between the positive terminal of the power source and the positive terminal of the output port, while each of the primary windings is coupled to the power source via an associated relay.