Abstract: A reading apparatus for reading information recorded on a first longitudinal recording medium in the form of helical scanned information tracks, according to a first format in which the tracks have been recorded on the medium at a first track pitch and have a first track width, the information being read by the apparatus at a given tape velocity, the information being read from the first medium at a first bit rate, immediately adjacent tracks exhibiting alternately a first and a second azimuth angle, pilot tones being recorded in information tracks, the frequency of the recorded tones cycling through at least two different frequencies (f1, f2); and a second longitudinal recording medium recorded in the form of helical scanned information tracks, in accordance with a second, new, format in which the information track pitch is substantially twice the first track pitch, the information track width is greater than the first track width, the information being read from the second medium at substantially half the f

Abstract: An MR method for determining the spatial distribution of the nuclear magnetization in an examination region, includes exciting the nuclear magnetization in the examination region, one or more times by means of at least one RF pulse in the presence of a steady, uniform magnetic field and reading the MR signals arising after the excitation in order to produce MR data, magnetic gradient fields acting on the examination region during the reading.

Abstract: A description is given of an optical information carrier comprising a substrate (1), a thin reflective layer (5), a dielectric layer (7), a phase-change recording layer on the basis of GeTeSe (9), a dielectric layer (11), an opaque metal reflective layer (13) and a protective layer (15). The information carrier can be inscribed, erased and read by means of a laser-light beam a and, in the inscribed state, complies with the CD-industrial standard. The recording layer (9) comprises an alloy having the composition Ge.sub.x Te.sub.y Se.sub.z, in atom %, wherein47.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.5317.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.4112.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.30andx+y+z.gtoreq.96 and, preferably, equal to 100.

Abstract: In a film scanner for optically scanning a film for obtaining a picture signal, which film is moved at a constant speed, an image position correction which is as motion-independent as possible, is ensured in that the film scanner at least doubly scans at least parts of each film image and determines image position errors by comparing the two scanning signals of the same nominal image content, and corrects the picture signal in dependence upon the determined image position error.

Abstract: The transmission system and the modem according to the invention use trellis-coded modulation based on a constellation split up into N sub-sets. For each received symbol in this constellation a decision arrangement makes it possible to determine the combination of the N points closest to the received symbol in each of the N sub-sets. Therefore, the constellation is split up into zones corresponding each to a given combination, and the arrangement comprises a zone searching module (2) in which any received point is situated. This module then controls the reading of a Table (3) which gives a combination of points which combination corresponds to this zone.

Abstract: A signal form synthesizer comprises a digital generator circuit (1) for generating the synthesis signal to produce a first series of digital samples which are representative of this signal and formed by binary words of N bits, and a digital-to-analog converter circuit (30) for producing an analog version of this signal. Furthermore, there is provided an assembly (40) for filtering in accordance with a band-pass characteristic curve the samples of the first series and for supplying to said digital-to-analog converter circuit (30) a second series of samples formed by binary words of N' bits, where N.gtoreq.N'. A negative feedback loop (45) subtracts the samples of the second series from the samples of the first series.

Abstract: An electric motor with permanent-magnet excitation, particularly an internal-rotor or external-rotor motor, having motor parts which are movable relative to one another. One motor part forms a multi-pole excitation field in an air gap by means of permanent magnets and the other motor part comprises a coil configuration situated in the air gap. The coil configuration is free of soft-magnetic material. The permanent-magnetically excited motor part includes a cylindrical yoke having substantially radial slots which are uniformly spaced about the circumference and in which the permanent magnets are mounted. The permanent magnets are magnetized in a circumferential direction with directions of magnetization which change from magnet to magnet.

Abstract: By providing a semiconductor device such as a cold cathode (7) with extra zener or avalanche structures (26, 27 and 32, 33, respectively) a robust structure is obtained which is resistant to damage during manufacture and use of a vacuum tube. The semiconductor zones (26, 27, 32, 33) are thus also utilized for realizing electron optics (particle optics).

Abstract: A two-line multi-station bus system has a clock wire and a data wire and supports selective slave station addressing by a prevalent master station for thereupon eliciting a bitwise clocked data transfer between the clocking master station and an addressed and clocked slave station. Moreover, the system supports analog signal transfer in that the prevalent master station has a holding member for while eliciting the analog signal from the actual addressed slave station holding said clocking through carrying the clock wire at a predetermined binary value. The analog signal is received until changeover of the clock wire to a binary value other than the predetermined binary value a particular version the analog signal is pulse width modulated in combination with associate delimiting signals on the clock wire sent by the transmitter station that is not necessarily the master station.

Abstract: A radio receiver has a frequency down conversion stage including a first passive filter tuned to a lower frequency. An amplifier functioning as a voltage-to-current converter includes a resistor (60) which can be shunted by a second passive filter in response to actuation of symmetrically arranged switching devices. When the second passive filter shunts the resistor, the overall pass band is raised to a higher frequency. Additionally, the amplifier has a lower noise figure when the second passive filter shunts the transconductor.

Abstract: A charging device for charging a rechargeable battery including a current supplier for supplying charging current to a battery having an initial temperature at the beginning of the supply of charging current, a selector for selecting an end temperature based on a temperature range the initial temperature is in and a current terminator for terminating the supply of charging current when a battery reaches the end temperature. A rechargeable battery including a strain gauge having a temperature coefficient differing from a temperature coefficient of the battery housing is also provided.

Abstract: A transient voltage protection circuit for operating a lamp includes input terminals for connection to a supply voltage source which delivers a low-frequency AC voltage. A rectifier is coupled to the input terminals for rectifying the low-frequency AC voltage and has output terminals. A first branch comprising a series arrangement of a breakdown element and a first capacitor interconnects the output terminals and a second branch shunts the first capacitor for discharging the first capacitor. A further capacitor, across which a DC voltage is present during lamp operation, supplies an operating voltage to the lamp. A DC--DC converter is coupled to the output terminals and to the further capacitor and a third branch comprising a series arrangement of a diode and the further capacitor shunts the first capacitor.

Abstract: A speech processing arrangement has at least two microphones for supplying microphone signals formed by speech components and noise components to microphone signal branches that are coupled to an adder device used for forming a sum signal. The microphone signals are delayed and weighted by weight factors in the microphone signal branches.

Abstract: Digital signal processing often requires the fast summing of a chain of products. Known signal processors often use two separate dam buses via which the values to be multiplied are supplied in parallel, it being assumed that these values originate from different sources, for example from different memories. Because a product of two binary numbers has double the number of positions, therefore, an adder having double the word width is also used. In order to reduce this substantial expenditure at the expense of only a slight reduction in speed, an adder is provided having only the single word width and to process the most-significant and least-significant bits of the product during two successive clock periods. The values to be multiplied can then be supplied successively.

Abstract: A device for forming X-ray images, includes an X-ray source for generating an X-ray beam, a photoconductor for converting X-rays into a charge pattern, which photoconductor is provided on a rotationally symmetrically constructed rotatable carrier, a charging device for uniformly charging the surface of the rotating photoconductor prior to the X-ray exposure, a reading unit for converting the charge pattern on the surface of the rotating photoconductor into electric image values after an X-ray exposure, and a housing for the rotating parts which includes an area which is transparent to X-rays.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement for measuring the pulse transfer spectrum of X-ray quanta using two polychromatic X-ray sources and a detector arrangement which measures the scattered X-ray quanta in an energy-resolved fashion. A secondary diaphragm device, arranged between the examination zone in which the object whose pulse transfer spectrum is to be determined is situated and the detector device, ensures that each detector element of the detector device can be struck by scattered radiation only at a comparatively accurately determined scatter angle. The arrangement in accordance with the invention enables very fast inspection of an object.

Abstract: A rotary-anode X-ray tube, include a sleeve bearing which serves to journal the rotary anode which sleeve bearing has a stationary bearing portion and a bearing portion which is rotatable about an axis of rotation. The two bearing portions cooperate with one another via a lubricant and have bearing surfaces which extend perpendicularly to the axis of rotation in order to take up axial bearing forces. The bearing surfaces changes over into external surfaces which form a lubricant gap between the bearing portions and one of which is provided with a groove pattern.

Abstract: An image pick-up apparatus (1) comprises a plurality of image sensors (2, 3) for picking up sub-images and for supplying electronic sub-image signals. A combination unit (4) forms an electronic image signal for a composite image from the sub-image signals. The image pick-up apparatus also comprises a correction unit (5) for compensating differences in the electronic sub-image signals which are not related to image information per se. To this end, the correction unit (5) multiplies brightness values of a first sub-image per image column and brightness values of a second sub-image per image line. Suitable gain factors are iteratively determined, using a bisection method, from the instantaneous image being picked up, or from a reference image, and are stored in a memory.

Abstract: An illumination device for supplying a beam of linearly polarized light having a non-rotationally symmetrical cross-section at the location of an object to be illuminated is described, which device comprises a light source, a reflector, an optical integrator (54, 82) for forming said beam cross-section and for realizing a uniform light distribution across the beam cross-section, and a polarizing system for converting the light supplied by the source into linearly polarized light. Since the polarizing system is arranged in the radiation path in front of the optical integrator, the device can be implemented with a small number of components and in a compact manner. The device may be used to great advantage in an image projection apparatus.

Abstract: A hair-cutting apparatus has a toothed cutting device comprising a stationary cutter with a row of cutter teeth and a reciprocable cutter with a row of cutter teeth, the cutter teeth of at least one of the two cutters are rounded at their distal ends except for the area of their shearing faces and in addition are wholly rounded over their entire tooth depth into the proximal tooth area except for the area of their shearing faces.