Abstract: An axial swirl device for a contact and separation member for mass-exchange nd separation apparatuses, having a sleeve (1) which has a closed inlet end and an open outlet end and vanes (2) located on the outer surface of the sleeve to extend at an angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the sleeve (1) in the zone of its outlet end. A deflector means (6) is provided at the outlet end of the sleeve (1) coaxially therewith. The deflector means (6) is mounted coaxially with the sleeve (1) at the outlet end thereof and made in the form of a body of revolution having the generant of its outer surface which is so shaped that a tangent line drawn to the generant at the point thereof remotest from the vanes (2) extends at an angle of from 0.degree. to 15.degree. with respect to the longitudinal axis of the sleeve (1).

Abstract: A contact-and-separating element of a vortex tray of liquid-gas mass-tranr apparatus comprises a nozzle (1). At least one annular row of holes (2) is provided at the inlet end of the nozzle. Accommodated inside the nozzle (1) is an axial swirler (3) having at least two inclined vanes (5). A separator (9) is provided at the outlet end of the nozzle (1). Located in front of each inclined vane (15) of the swirler (3) on the side of the nozzle inlet end is an additional rib (6) arranged straightwise along the nozzle (1) axis. In addition, there is provided at least one intermediate rib (7) interposed between each pair of the straight ribs (6). The annular row of holes (2) is located in the zone where the straight and intermediate ribs (6,7) are situated.

Abstract: The mass-transfer apparatus comprises a case (1), accommodating at least one horizontal perforated tray (6) and a froth retainer (7). The froth retainer (7) is mounted directly on the tray (6) and is made in the form of a grid composed of vertical bars (8). The vertical bars (8) make up cells (9), interconnected with each other. Lower portions of the bars (8) of the froth retainer (7), contiguous with the tray (6), are made solid, whereas the cells (9) of the grid communicate with one another through perforations made in the upper portions of the bars (8) of the froth retainer (7).

Abstract: An automatic temperature control device includes a series-connected temperature setter, a comparison unit whose second input is connected to an actual temperature transducer of the controlled entity, a deviation signal amplifier, and a regulating unit. The device also includes a unit used to check the circuit of the transducer for continuity, said unit being connected to the output of the latter, and an electronic switch whose control input is connected to the output of the check unit to apply to the input of the actuator a periodic pulse sequence generated while the circuit of the transducer is open.

Abstract: A method comprises diffusion metal coating of pipes carried out in a vacuum chamber which contains metal evaporators. Prior to coating process a metal is fed into the interior of each pipe with the melting temperature thereof being substantially below that of the pipe metal. The metal coating of pipes is effected at a temperature above the melting temperature of the metal disposed within the pipes which are continuously rotating about their axes while axially advancing through the metal evaporator.

Abstract: The device for non-contact gauging of the thickness of various materials, such as paper, textiles, films and others utilizes the principle of non-contact measurement of said parameter by means of a radioactive source and comprises a radiation source of charged radiation and a radiation detector located on one side of the material to be gauged. The invention is characterized by the fact that the radiation source and the radiation detector are interposed between the poles of a magnetic means. According to one of the embodiments of the invention, the magnetic means comprises two pole sections of which one accommodates the radiation source and the other, the radiation detector, and the section accommodating the radiation source has pole shoes adapted to vary the distance therebetween.This device features a higher accuracy of measurements, makes it possible to use a low-active radiation source, simplifies radiation protection and reduces the mass and size of the device sensing unit.

Abstract: The process includes the delivery of molten metal for solidification in stepped flow and the blowing of a gas through the flow at a step located at the level of the surface of that portion of the flow which is directly fed for solidification, or at a level exceeding said level by as much as 300 mm.The apparatus for realizing said process comprises a tundish with a stepped bottom. A means for blowing the gas through the flow of metal is provided within that portion of the tundish which is located level with the upper generatrix of the outlet from the tundish or preferably, at a level about 300 mm above said generatrix.